The traditional plough, made of wood, has a triangular iron strip called ploughshare. It is drawn by animals, typically a pair of bulls, and has a long wooden shaft. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and management

The main tools are plough, hoe, and cultivator. They break soil clumps, aid in tilling, removing weeds, and loosening the soil for better yield. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Levelling aids in sowing and irrigation. A leveller is used to even out the ploughed field. Sometimes, manure is added before tilling for proper mixing with the soil. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Tilling or ploughing is crucial for breaking soil clumps, bringing nutrients to the surface, and creating a suitable seedbed for sowing, promoting optimal crop growth. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Protecting crops from weeds is essential as weeds compete with crops for resources, and controlling them ensures optimal growth and yield of cultivated plants. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Turning and loosening the soil help in nutrient recycling. It brings nutrient-rich soil to the surface, supporting plant growth by making essential nutrients available. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and management

Earthworms and microbes, by turning and loosening the soil, enhance aeration and add humus, improving soil structure and nutrient availability for plants. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Loosened soil allows roots to penetrate easily and breathe, facilitating better growth. It also promotes the activity of earthworms and microbes, enhancing soil quality. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Adding manure and fertilizers enrich the soil with essential nutrients, promoting plant growth and ensuring better crop yield. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and management