Farmers manually remove weeds by uprooting or cutting them close to the ground using tools like khurpi. The best time for weed removal is before they produce flowers and seeds. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Weeding is essential as weeds compete with crops for water, nutrients, space, and light, adversely affecting crop growth and sometimes posing risks to humans and animals. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Manure enhances soil texture, water retention, and nutrient levels. Crop rotation, growing different crops alternately, helps replenish soil nutrients, as seen in traditional practices like growing legumes and wheat alternately. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Manure is an organic substance derived from decomposed plant or animal waste. Farmers decompose plant and animal waste in pits to produce organic manure. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Fertilizers are chemical compounds rich in specific nutrients, produced in factories. Examples include urea, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate, potash, and NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium). NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Excessive fertilizer use reduces soil fertility, leads to water pollution, and harms the environment. To maintain soil fertility, farmers are encouraged to substitute fertilizers with organic manure or practice fallow periods. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Continuous cultivation depletes soil nutrients, necessitating the addition of manure to replenish them and support healthy plant growth. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

Ploughing is now done by tractor-driven cultivators, saving labor and time. The use of cultivators in modern agriculture has replaced traditional ploughs in many instances. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management

A hoe is a tool used for removing weeds and loosening the soil. It has a long rod of wood or iron with a strong, broad, and bent plate of iron fixed at one end. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 ...

The indigenous wooden plough is increasingly being replaced by iron ploughs in modern agriculture for more efficiency and effectiveness in soil preparation. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 1 Crop Production and Management