Distillation purifies water by heating it to create vapor, which then condenses back into liquid form, leaving impurities behind. This process removes dissolved salts and contaminants, producing clean water.
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Solubility-based separation methods rely on dissolving substances in solvents, while density-based methods depend on differences in mass per unit volume. Solubility methods include filtration, while density methods include centrifugation and sedimentation.
Centrifugation offers rapid and efficient separation based on density differences, allowing precise isolation of components. It is ideal for separating blood components, purifying solutions, and processing samples quickly.
Evaporation separates salt from seawater by heating the water until it turns into vapor, leaving the salt crystals behind. The water vapor can then be condensed and collected separately.
A separating funnel separates immiscible liquids based on density. By allowing the liquids to settle, the denser liquid collects at the bottom, and the lighter liquid can be poured off from the top.