Aldehydes play an important role in biochemical processes of life. They add fragrance and flavour to nature, for example, vanillin (from vanilla beans), salicylaldehyde (from meadow sweet) and cinnamaldehyde (from cinnamon) have very pleasant fragrances.

The carbonyl compounds in which carbon of carbonyl group is bonded to carbon or hydrogen and oxygen of hydroxyl moiety (-OH) are known as carboxylic acids, while in compounds where carbon is attached to carbon or hydrogen and nitrogen of ...

Aldehydes contain the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. Ketones contain the carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. Aldehydes and ketones are organic compounds which incorporate a carbonyl functional group, C=O.

Anisole reacts with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids in nitration, yielding a mixture of ortho and para nitroanisole as the product.

Anisole undergoes Friedel-Crafts reaction with alkyl halide and acyl halide in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride as a Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction introduces the alkyl and acyl groups at ortho and para positions.

The alkoxy group is ortho, para directing, and activates the aromatic ring in a manner similar to phenol. In the halogenation of anisole, the methoxy group activates the benzene ring, allowing bromination to occur even without an iron (III) bromide ...

The order of reactivity is HI > HBr > HCl. Cleavage with concentrated HI or HBr at high temperatures results in the formation of tertiary halides when one of the alkyl groups is tertiary, following an SN₁ mechanism due to ...

Alkyl aryl ethers undergo cleavage at the alkyl-oxygen bond, leading to the formation of phenol and alkyl halide. This preference is due to the greater stability of the aryl-oxygen bond.

The cleavage of the C-O bond in ethers happens under drastic conditions with excess hydrogen halides. The reaction of a dialkyl ether yields two alkyl halide molecules.

Ethers, like alcohols, show similar miscibility with water due to the ability of the oxygen atom in ethers to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The observed miscibility, exemplified by ethoxyethane and butan-1-ol, contrasts with the immiscibility of pentane with ...