The medulla in the hind-brain is identified as the region responsible for controlling various involuntary actions, including blood pressure regulation, salivation, and vomiting.

The mid-brain and hind-brain are responsible for controlling involuntary muscle movements, such as those involved in activities like blood pressure regulation, salivation, and vomiting.

The sensation of feeling full is associated with a separate center in the fore-brain, indicating that certain sensations, like hunger and satiety, have specialized areas beyond those dedicated to traditional sensory experiences.

Insulin, a hormone from the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels. When blood sugar rises, the pancreas produces more insulin, and as sugar levels fall, insulin secretion is reduced.

Puberty-related changes in appearance are influenced by the secretion of testosterone in males and oestrogen in females.