Electrical impulses are rapid means of information transfer in animal bodies. Limitations include the constraint of reaching only connected cells through nervous tissue and the need for cells to reset before generating new impulses.

The sensitive plant exhibits quick movement in response to touch, sunflowers show relatively slow movement in response to day or night, and growth-related movements in plants are even slower.

‘Hydrotropism’ is the directional growth response of plants towards or away from water, and ‘chemotropism’ is the response to chemicals. An example of chemotropism is the growth of pollen tubes towards ovules.

Plant cells change shape by altering water content, leading to swelling or shrinking. This process, unlike animal muscle cells, results in the required changes in shape for movement.

In the sensitive plant, movement occurs at a point different from the point of touch. The communication of touch-related information utilizes electrical-chemical means among cells.