Aromatic carboxylic acids are prepared by oxidizing alkylbenzenes using chromic acid or acidic/alkaline potassium permanganate. The entire side chain is oxidized to the carboxyl group, with primary and secondary alkyl groups affected while tertiary groups remain unaffected.

Carboxylic acids are obtained from primary alcohols through oxidation using oxidizing agents like potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate (Jones reagent). Aldehydes can also be converted to carboxylic acids using mild oxidizing agents.

Compounds with multiple carboxyl groups are named by numbering the alkyl chain leaving carboxyl groups, adding the multiplicative prefix (dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acid, etc.) to the parent alkyl chain name, and indicating the position of –COOH groups with arabic numerals.

Aliphatic carboxylic acids in the IUPAC system are named by replacing the ending –e in the corresponding alkane name with –oic acid. The carboxylic carbon is numbered one in the carbon chain.

Carboxylic acids are named using common names derived from Latin or Greek names of their natural sources, and the names end with the suffix –ic acid.