Gabriel synthesis involves treating phthalimide with ethanolic potassium hydroxide, followed by heating with alkyl halide and alkaline hydrolysis to produce primary amines. However, this method cannot be used for aromatic primary amines as aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution ...

Nitrogen orbitals in amines are sp³ hybridized, leading to a pyramidal geometry. The fourth orbital of nitrogen contains an unshared pair of electrons.

Amines are derived from ammonia by replacing hydrogen atoms with alkyl and/or aryl groups. Examples include CH₃-NH₂, CH₃-NH-CH₃, and C₆H₅-NH₂.

They find application in the dye and pigment industries and are used to produce dyed fabrics. They are useful in the synthesis of a large variety of organic compounds, especially aryl derivatives.

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) are a type of chemical that is used to kill bacteria, viruses, and mold. There are many different types of QACs. They are often found in dis- infectants and in cleaning products that are used in ...