Aliphatic and aromatic primary amines undergo the carbylamine reaction, producing foul-smelling isocyanides, when heated with chloroform and ethanolic potassium hydroxide. This reaction, known as the carbylamine reaction or isocyanide test, is utilized as a test for primary amines.
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Amides, when reduced with lithium aluminium hydride, yield amines. This reduction process provides a route for the preparation of amines from amides.
Steric hindrance to hydrogen bonding occurs when the alkyl group is larger than -CH₃, affecting the order of basic strength. The nature of the alkyl group, changing from -CH₃ to -C₂H₅, leads to a shift in the order of basic ...
The order of basicity for aliphatic amines, determined by the stability of substituted ammonium cations, is primary > secondary > tertiary, contrary to the inductive effect-based order.
The basicity of amines is related to their structure, and it depends on the ease of cation formation by accepting a proton. The more stable the cation relative to the amine, the stronger the amine’s basic character.