The diazonium group is N₂⁺. Arenediazonium ions formed by primary aromatic amines are stable for a short time in solution at low temperatures (273-278 K), and their stability is explained based on resonance.

Diazonium salts are named by suffixing “diazonium” to the name of the parent hydrocarbon, followed by the name of the anion (e.g., chloride, hydrogensulphate). The general formula for diazonium salts is R N₂⁺X⁻, where R represents an aryl group, and ...

Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reactions (alkylation and acetylation) due to salt formation with aluminum chloride, acting as a Lewis acid catalyst. The positive charge acquired by nitrogen in the aniline-AlCl₃ complex makes it a strong deactivating group for further ...

Aniline reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to form anilinium hydrogensulphate, which, upon heating, produces p-aminobenzene sulphonic acid (sulphanilic acid) as the major product at 453-473K.

Direct nitration of aniline yields tarry oxidation products alongside nitro derivatives. In strongly acidic conditions, aniline forms the anilinium ion, which is meta-directing. Acetylation of the -NH₂ group can control nitration, favoring the formation of the p-nitro derivative as the ...