Mild reducing agents like hypophosphorous acid or ethanol reduce diazonium salts to arenes while being oxidized to phosphorous acid and ethanal, respectively.

Arenediazonium chloride, when treated with fluoroboric acid, forms arenediazonium fluoroborate, which upon heating decomposes to yield aryl fluoride.

Iodine is introduced into the benzene ring by treating the diazonium salt solution with potassium iodide, leading to the formation of iodobenzene.

The yield in the Sandmeyer reaction is better than the Gattermann reaction for the introduction of halide or cyanide groups using diazonium salts.

The Sandmeyer reaction involves the displacement of nitrogen by Cl⁻, Br⁻, or CN⁻ in the presence of Cu(I) ion. The Gatterman reaction introduces chlorine or bromine into the benzene ring by treating the diazonium salt solution with the corresponding halogen ...