From Fig. 7.38, the car maintains a steady speed of 35 m s-1 between A and B. Kinetic energy at A is 612500 J. Braking from B to C performs minus 612500 J of work, generating heat and sound.
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The maximum height reached is inversely proportional to acceleration due to gravity. Since the Moon has one-sixth of Earth gravity, the ball travels six times higher, reaching a height of 48 m on the Moon.
Fuel consumed is proportional to kinetic energy gained. The first day total mass is 160 kg, and the second day total mass is 200 kg. The required ratio of fuel used is 160 to 200, which simplifies to 4 is ...
Lifting to the 20th floor requires twice the energy because the vertical height is doubled. However, since the time taken is also doubled, the power required remains exactly the same as before.
The transformations are chemical to kinetic and potential, potential to kinetic, light to chemical, potential to kinetic, chemical to thermal and light, chemical to sound and light, sound to electrical, electrical to light and light to electrical.