A racemic mixture is represented by prefixing dl or (±) before the name, such as (±) butan-2-ol. It signifies a mixture containing equal proportions of enantiomers, resulting in zero optical rotation due to cancellation of rotations from each isomer.
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Haloalkanes have low solubility in water because energy is required to overcome attractions between haloalkane molecules and break hydrogen bonds in water. The new attractions between haloalkanes and water molecules are weaker than the original hydrogen bonds in water, resulting ...
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Halogen derivatives have greater polarity and higher molecular mass compared to parent hydrocarbons, resulting in stronger intermolecular forces of attraction (dipole-dipole and van der Waals). This leads to higher boiling points in chlorides, bromides, and iodides compared to hydrocarbons of ...