Lanthanoids closely resemble each other more than ordinary transition elements in any series. They exhibit only one stable oxidation state, providing an excellent opportunity to examine the impact of small changes in size and nuclear charge along the series.

The f-block consists of the lanthanoids and actinoids. Lanthanum, closely resembling lanthanoids, is typically included in discussions of the lanthanoids, often denoted by the general symbol Ln.

Acidified permanganate solution acts as a powerful oxidizing agent, converting oxalates to carbon dioxide, iron(II) to iron(III), nitrites to nitrates, and iodides to free iodine through oxidation reactions.

Manganate and permanganate ions adopt tetrahedral geometry, with p-bonding occurring through the overlap of p orbitals of oxygen with d orbitals of manganese. The paramagnetism of green manganate arises from one unpaired electron, while permanganate is diamagnetic due to the ...

Manganese compounds exhibit intense color and diamagnetism with temperature-dependent weak paramagnetism. The explanation lies in molecular orbital theory, which involves the overlap of p orbitals of oxygen with d orbitals of manganese.