Antarctica has a fragile and unique polar ecosystem characterized by extreme conditions, low biodiversity, and a delicate balance. Despite its harsh climate, Antarctica supports life adapted to its cold environment, including phytoplankton, krill, seals, penguins, and various seabirds. This ecosystem ...

Near the Antarctic Circle, the author participated in a thrilling activity: walking on the frozen sea ice. This rare opportunity allowed the author and other participants to step directly onto the thick ice that covers the Southern Ocean, experiencing the ...

The author uses the metaphor of a “gigantic engine” to explain the importance of small changes in the environment. In this metaphor, Earth functions like an interconnected, finely-tuned machine, where even the smallest parts play a crucial role in maintaining ...

The depletion of the ozone layer is particularly concerning for Antarctica because it leads to increased levels of harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the Earth’s surface. In Antarctica, where the ozone hole is most prominent, this heightened UV exposure can ...

Phytoplankton absorb carbon through the process of photosynthesis. Using sunlight, these microscopic organisms convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose, which not only supports their own growth but also helps reduce carbon levels in the atmosphere. In Antarctica’s ...