Lenses refract light, converging (convex) or diverging (concave) based on shape. They produce real or virtual images, affecting magnification and focus. Commonly used in cameras, eyeglasses, and microscopes.
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A concave mirror curves inward and reflects light. It converges parallel rays to a focal point, enabling real or virtual image formation. Used in applications like makeup mirrors and telescopes.
Spherical lenses and mirrors have curved surfaces. Lenses can be converging (convex) or diverging (concave), affecting light focus. Mirrors, concave or convex, influence reflection properties, used in optics for various applications.
Sodium is a highly reactive alkali metal with atomic number 11. It’s silver-white, soft, and abundant in nature. It reacts vigorously with water, producing sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Water hardness is a measure of the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions. It affects soap effectiveness and can lead to scale buildup. Hard water is classified as temporary or permanent.
Ferrous sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula FeSO₄, commonly used as a supplement to treat iron deficiency anemia and in various industrial applications, including water treatment and dyeing.