Cross-pollination is a plant reproduction process where pollen is transferred from the male reproductive organ of one flower to the female reproductive organ of another, enhancing genetic diversity.
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Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures. Structural isomers differ in arrangement, geometric isomers have different spatial arrangements, and stereoisomers have the same connectivity but differ in spatial arrangement.
Chromosomes are thread-like structures in cells containing DNA. They carry genetic information, determining an organism’s traits. Humans have 23 pairs, with one set inherited from each parent.
Male gamete (sperm) is small, mobile, and contributes genetic material. Female gamete (egg) is larger, non-motile, and provides nutrients. Fusion during fertilization forms a zygote, initiating development.
The pancreas is an organ in the digestive and endocrine systems. It produces digestive enzymes for breaking down food in the small intestine and releases insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar.
A food chain depicts the transfer of energy in an ecosystem. It starts with producers (plants), followed by herbivores (primary consumers) and carnivores (secondary and tertiary consumers), illustrating the feeding relationships.
Ozone is a molecule composed of three oxygen atoms. It forms a protective layer in Earth’s stratosphere, blocking harmful ultraviolet radiation. Ground-level ozone is a component of smog and can be harmful to health.
Herbivores are animals that primarily consume plants, while carnivores are meat-eating animals that primarily feed on other animals. Their dietary preferences are adapted to the types of food they consume.
The small intestine is a vital organ in digestion, where nutrients from food are absorbed into the bloodstream. It consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, playing a key role in nutrient absorption.
Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. They have thinner walls than arteries and often contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.