The Delhi Sultanate experienced the highest number of Mongol invasions during Alauddin Khilji’s reign. He successfully repelled these attacks through strong military reforms, frontier defenses, and a well-organized standing army. His effective strategies prevented Mongol expansion into India and ensured ...
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Sikandar Lodi, the second ruler of the Lodi dynasty, founded the city of Agra around 1504 AD. He developed Agra into an administrative centre due to its strategic location near the Yamuna River. The city later flourished under the Mughals ...
Qutbuddin Aibak earned the title “Lakhbaksh,” meaning “giver of lakhs,” because of his exceptional generosity. He donated large sums to scholars, religious institutions and the poor. His kindness and charitable nature made him widely respected. Despite his short reign, his ...
Mahmud Ghaznavi’s first invasion of India targeted the Hindu Shahi or Brahmansahi kingdom ruled by Jaipal. This region controlled the frontier areas of Punjab and blocked access to the Indian plains. Defeating Jaipal allowed Mahmud to consolidate his position and ...
Razia Sultan was the first and only Muslim woman ruler of Delhi. Chosen by her father Iltutmish because of her intelligence and leadership qualities, she ruled from 1236 to 1240 AD. Razia tried to establish a strong administration, but opposition ...