While Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer was the field officer who physically ordered the troops to fire, Michael O’Dwyer was the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab who sanctioned the harsh repressive measures. O’Dwyer fully supported Dyer’s actions, calling them “correct” and “justified” to ...
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Mahatma Gandhi first used the hunger strike as a political tool during the Ahmedabad Mill Workers’ Strike in 1918. The workers were demanding a 35% wage hike (Plague Bonus), which the mill owners refused. To strengthen the workers’ resolve and ...
In 1939, Mahatma Gandhi intervened in the Rajkot Satyagraha, a struggle for responsible government in the princely state of Rajkot. He delegated the leadership to his trusted lieutenant, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. When the Thakore Saheb of Rajkot went back on ...
Mahatma Gandhi began a “fast unto death” in 1932 to protest British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald’s Communal Award. The Award proposed separate electorates for the “Depressed Classes” (Dalits). Gandhi argued that this would permanently divide Hindu society and hinder the ...
The Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Mutiny of 1946 saw Indian sailors revolting against racial discrimination and poor conditions. Fearing that the rebellion would lead to widespread chaos and jeopardize the ongoing independence negotiations, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Muhammad Ali Jinnah ...