The first term is 5 and the common ratio is 5. Using the GP formula, tn equals a multiplied by r raised to n minus 1. Therefore, tn equals 5 raised to n. The 10th term is 9765625.
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The 8th term is 192 and the common ratio is 2. From the 8th term to the 12th term there are four steps. Therefore, t12 equals 192 multiplied by 2 four times, giving 3072.
The calculated formula unit masses are 80 u for ammonium nitrate NH4NO3, 98 u for phosphoric acid H3PO4 and 84 u for sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3, found by adding the individual atomic masses.
Option (iii) correctly represents the chloride ion Cl-. A neutral chlorine atom has 17 electrons with arrangement 2, 8, 7. Gaining one electron forms Cl- with 18 electrons distributed as 2, 8, 8 in three shells.
The resulting chemical formulae are CaBr2, Al2(CO3)3, K2SO4 and NH4Cl. In each ionic compound, the valency numbers are criss-crossed so that positive and negative charges balance out to maintain overall electrical neutrality.