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Option (ii) is the correct choice. Both statements are scientifically true, but the equality of protons and electrons explains electrical neutrality rather than providing the fundamental reason why discovering subatomic constituents clarified atomic architecture.
Electrons do not fly away because a strong electrostatic force of attraction binds them to the nucleus. The positively charged protons in the nucleus continuously pull the negatively charged orbiting electrons toward the center.
The correct chronological order is (iv), (ii), (iii), (i). Dalton first proposed indivisible atoms, Thomson introduced embedded electrons, Rutherford discovered the central nucleus and Bohr explained stable quantized circular orbits with fixed energies.
Rutherford concluded that the positive charge is not spread out but concentrated at the center in an extremely small, dense region called the nucleus, which also contains nearly all the mass of the atom.
Statement (iii) is correct because electrons occupy discrete stationary orbits without radiating energy. Statements (i), (ii) and (iv) are incorrect because electrons possess fixed quantized energies and cannot spiral inward or exist between allowed levels.
