Fuel consumed is proportional to kinetic energy gained. The first day total mass is 160 kg, and the second day total mass is 200 kg. The required ratio of fuel used is 160 to 200, which simplifies to 4 is ...
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The number of neutrons equals 197 minus 79, which is 118. In an electrically neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, so there are 79 electrons.
The required energy depends on flag mass, gravitational acceleration and pole height. Raising it slowly or quickly does not change the work done. Doubling the lifting speed halves the time, doubling the required power.
Lifting to the 20th floor requires twice the energy because the vertical height is doubled. However, since the time taken is also doubled, the power required remains exactly the same as before.
The gain in potential energy is 36250 joules in both cases, calculated by multiplying mass, gravity and height. Gravitational potential energy depends only on vertical height and is completely independent of the path taken.