The gravitational force of the Earth attracts a falling apple towards it.
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The acceleration due to the Earth’s mass is much larger than the acceleration due to the apple’s mass, making the motion of the Earth practically imperceptible compared to the motion of the falling apple.
The centripetal force acts towards the center of the circular path, keeping the stone moving along the path.
The centripetal force causes the change in direction of the stone’s velocity.
The stone changes direction at every point along the circular path.
The stone moves in a circular path before the thread is released.
Although the Earth’s gravitational force attracts the moon, we do not see the moon falling towards the Earth because the moon’s orbital motion keeps it in a stable orbit around the Earth.
Newton argued that at each point in its orbit, the moon falls towards the Earth instead of moving off in a straight line, indicating that it is being continuously attracted by the Earth’s gravitational force.
Newton conjectured that the same type of force, gravitational force, is responsible for attracting both the apple towards the Earth and the moon towards the Earth.
Newton considered whether the same force that causes the apple to fall could also be responsible for the moon’s orbit around the Earth.