It was explained as an attempt to attain a fully-filled outermost shell.
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Aluminium has a valency of three, as it contains three electrons in its outermost shell.
Magnesium has two electrons in its outermost shell.
Because they each contain one electron in their outermost shell, which can be lost to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Atoms react with other atoms to achieve an octet in their outermost shell, influencing their chemical reactivity and bonding behavior.