In a molecule of hydrogen chloride (HCl), the hydrogen atom shares its electron with the chlorine atom, forming a covalent bond and achieving an octet in chlorine’s outermost shell.
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The number of electrons gained, lost, or shared by an atom to achieve an octet in its outermost shell determines its combining capacity.
Atoms achieve an octet in their outermost shell by either sharing, gaining, or losing electrons during chemical reactions.
An octet refers to a fully-filled outermost shell of an atom, which contains eight electrons.
The combining capacity of atoms was explained as the tendency to attain a fully-filled outermost shell, known as an octet, through sharing, gaining, or losing electrons.