Equilibrium refers to a state where opposing forces or processes are balanced. In thermodynamics, it occurs when a system’s properties such as pressure, temperature and volume remain constant over time. A system is in mechanical, thermal, and chemical equilibrium when ...
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The equation of state describes the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a substance in a given state. For an ideal gas, it is expressed as PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is moles, ...
The kinetic theory explains the behavior of gases by assuming they consist of tiny particles in constant random motion. These particles collide elastically with each other and the container walls, creating pressure. The theory relates macroscopic properties like temperature and ...
Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs of a wave. It is commonly used to describe electromagnetic waves like light, radio, and sound. Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency, meaning longer wavelengths have lower frequencies and shorter ...
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. It determines the direction of heat flow between objects with heat moving from higher to lower temperature. Temperature is measured in units such as Celsius, Kelvin ...