The technique S is distillation. A is the distillation flask, B is the water condenser and C is the conical flask. The separable mixtures are water acetone and water salt because boiling points differ sufficiently.
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Student A has 20 percent sugar, Student B has 16.67 percent and Student C has 27.27 percent by mass. Therefore, Student C has the most concentrated solution because it contains the highest percentage of sugar.
(i) 31 g potassium nitrate is needed. (ii) Potassium chloride crystals will separate as the solution cools because its solubility decreases. (iii) Solubility generally increases with temperature, but the increase differs among salts.
Distillation is effective because acetone and water have sufficiently different boiling points. Acetone boils at about 56 °C, while water boils at 100 °C, allowing acetone to vaporise first and separate.
The correct sequence is 1, 3, 2. First, sublimation separates naphthalene. Next, filtration separates sand from the salt solution. Finally, evaporation separates common salt from water and gives the remaining salt.