Implementation of Stalin's collectivization programme: (a) The peasants were forced to cultivate in collective farms (kolkhoz) from 1929. (b) The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms. (c) Peasants worked on the land, and the kolkhoz profit was shared. (d)Read more
Implementation of Stalin’s collectivization programme: (a) The peasants were forced to cultivate in collective farms (kolkhoz) from 1929. (b) The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms. (c) Peasants worked on the land, and the kolkhoz profit was shared. (d) Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock. The number of cattle fell by one-third between 1929 and 1931. (e) Those who resisted were severely punished. Many of them were deported and exiled.
The impacts of First World Waron Russia: (a) Defeats were shocking and demoralizing for Russia on 'eastern front'. There were over 7 million causalities by 1917. As they retreated, the Russian army destroyed crops and buildings to prevent the enemies form being able to live off the land. The destrucRead more
The impacts of First World Waron Russia: (a) Defeats were shocking and demoralizing for Russia on ‘easternfront’. There were over 7 million causalities by 1917. As they retreated, the Russian army destroyed crops and buildings to prevent the enemies form being able to live off the land. The destruction of crops and buildings led to over 3 million refugees inRussia. (b) The war had a severe impact on industry. Supplies were cut to theindustries and therefore, industrial production was down. (c) By 1916, railway lines began to break down. (d) Able-bodied men were called up to the war. As a result, there werelabour shortages. (e) Large supplies of grain were sent to feed the army. For the people incities, bread and flour became scarce.
(a) Russia was an autocracy. The Tsar was not subject to parliament. Owing to heavy expenditure, the treasury was bankrupt. (b) Russian society was divided into three classes, the clergy, nobility and the working class including peasants. (c) Vast majority (about 85%) of Russia's people were agriculRead more
(a) Russia was an autocracy. The Tsar was not subject to parliament. Owingto heavy expenditure, the treasury was bankrupt. (b) Russian society was divided into three classes, the clergy, nobility and the working class including peasants. (c) Vast majority (about 85%) of Russia’s people were agriculturists. They had to pay heavy taxes. Nobility, the crown and the Orthodox Church owned large properties. Peasants were deeply religious but they had no respect for the nobility. They wanted the land of thenobles to be given to them. (d) Most industry was privately owned. The wages were minimum andthe working hours were sometimes 15 hours. Thus, the condition ofworkers was miserable.
Karl Marx added other ideas in the socialist ideas. (a) Socialists considered private property as the root of all social ills. (b) Marx argued that industrial society was 'capitalist'. Capitalists owned the capital invested in factories, and the profit of capitalists was produced by workers. (c) TheRead more
Karl Marx added other ideas in the socialist ideas. (a) Socialists considered private property as the root of all social ills. (b) Marx argued that industrial society was ‘capitalist’. Capitalistsowned the capital invested in factories, and the profit of capitalists was produced by workers. (c) The workers had to overthrow capitalism and the rule of private property. (d) After overthrowing the capitalism, a radically socialist society would be constructed where all property was socially controlled. (e) Further, this would be a communist society and a communist societywas the natural society of the future.
Russian society was socialized by- (a) Nationalization of banks and industries. (b) Collective farming. (c) Central planning, beginning of Five Years Plans. (d) An extended schooling system developed; arrangements were made for factory workers and peasants to enter universities. (e) Crèches were estRead more
Russian society was socialized by-
(a) Nationalization of banks and industries.
(b) Collective farming.
(c) Central planning, beginning of Five Years Plans.
(d) An extended schooling system developed; arrangements were made for factory workers and peasants to enter universities.
Changes after the Revolution of October, 1917: (a) Private property eradicated. Most industries and banks were nationalized. (b) Land was declared social property, land of nobility seized. (c) Ban on use of old titles of aristocracy. (d) Russia signed peace pact with Germany. (e) Russia became a oneRead more
Changes after the Revolution of October, 1917:
(a) Private property eradicated. Most industries and banks were nationalized.
(b) Land was declared social property, land of nobility seized.
(c) Ban on use of old titles of aristocracy.
(d) Russia signed peace pact with Germany.
(e) Russia became a one-party state and the Russian Communist Party was the only party.
(f) Censorship in all aspects of life was imposed.
In April 1917, the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia from his exile. He presented three demands which are known as Lenin's April Theses. These were: (i) The war (First World War) must be brought to a close. (ii) Land must be transferred to the peasants. (iii) Banks must be nationaliRead more
In April 1917, the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia from his exile. He presented three demands which are known as Lenin’s April Theses. These were:
(i) The war (First World War) must be brought to a close.
Socialists were against the private property but had differing ideas on how a society without property could operate. Some of visions of socialists are as follows: (1) Robert Owen- sought to build a cooperative community. (2) Louis Blanc- He wanted the government to encourage cooperatives and replacRead more
Socialists were against the private property but had differing ideas on how a society without property could operate. Some of visions of socialists are as follows:
(1) Robert Owen- sought to build a cooperative community.
(2) Louis Blanc- He wanted the government to encourage cooperatives and replace capitalist enterprises.
(3) Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels-They argued that the industrial society was ‘capitalist’. The capitalists owned the capital invested in the factories, and the profit of capitalists was produced by workers. Thus, capitalists exploit the workers. Marx believed that this capitalist system would be triumphed by the workers and a socialist society would be established where all property would be socially controlled.
Liberals:- (a) Tolerance of all religions (b) Opposed the uncontrolled powers of the king. (c) Supported the rights of the individuals (d) Supported a representative, elected parliamentary government and independent judiciary. (e) Did not support universal adult franchise (right of every citizen incRead more
Liberals:-
(a) Tolerance of all religions
(b) Opposed the uncontrolled powers of the king.
(c) Supported the rights of the individuals
(d) Supported a representative, elected parliamentary government and independent judiciary.
(e) Did not support universal adult franchise (right of every citizen including women)
(f) Supported private property.
Radicals:-
(a) Government based on majority.
(b) Opposed the privileges given to great landowners and wealthy factory owners.
(c) Many of them also supported women’s suffragette movements.
(d) Supported private property but disliked concentration of property in the hands of a few.
Main ideas of Liberals were (a) Tolerance of all religions (b) Opposed the uncontrolled powers of the king. (c) Supported the rights of the individuals Supported a representative, elected parliamentary government and independent judiciary (d) Did not support universal adult franchise (right of everyRead more
Main ideas of Liberals were
(a) Tolerance of all religions
(b) Opposed the uncontrolled powers of the king.
(c) Supported the rights of the individuals Supported a representative, elected parliamentary government and independent judiciary
(d) Did not support universal adult franchise (right of every citizen including women)
How was the Stalin’s collectivization programme implemented in Russia?
Implementation of Stalin's collectivization programme: (a) The peasants were forced to cultivate in collective farms (kolkhoz) from 1929. (b) The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms. (c) Peasants worked on the land, and the kolkhoz profit was shared. (d)Read more
Implementation of Stalin’s collectivization programme:
(a) The peasants were forced to cultivate in collective farms (kolkhoz) from 1929.
(b) The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms.
(c) Peasants worked on the land, and the kolkhoz profit was shared.
(d) Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock. The number of cattle fell by one-third between 1929 and 1931.
(e) Those who resisted were severely punished. Many of them were deported and exiled.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/
What were the impacts of First World War on Russia?
The impacts of First World Waron Russia: (a) Defeats were shocking and demoralizing for Russia on 'eastern front'. There were over 7 million causalities by 1917. As they retreated, the Russian army destroyed crops and buildings to prevent the enemies form being able to live off the land. The destrucRead more
The impacts of First World Waron Russia:
(a) Defeats were shocking and demoralizing for Russia on ‘eastern front’. There were over 7 million causalities by 1917. As they retreated, the Russian army destroyed crops and buildings to prevent the enemies form being able to live off the land. The destruction of crops and buildings led to over 3 million refugees in Russia.
(b) The war had a severe impact on industry. Supplies were cut to the industries and therefore, industrial production was down.
(c) By 1916, railway lines began to break down.
(d) Able-bodied men were called up to the war. As a result, there were labour shortages.
(e) Large supplies of grain were sent to feed the army. For the people in cities, bread and flour became scarce.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/
What were the political, social and economic conditions of Russia before 1905?
(a) Russia was an autocracy. The Tsar was not subject to parliament. Owing to heavy expenditure, the treasury was bankrupt. (b) Russian society was divided into three classes, the clergy, nobility and the working class including peasants. (c) Vast majority (about 85%) of Russia's people were agriculRead more
(a) Russia was an autocracy. The Tsar was not subject to parliament. Owing to heavy expenditure, the treasury was bankrupt.
(b) Russian society was divided into three classes, the clergy, nobility and the working class including peasants.
(c) Vast majority (about 85%) of Russia’s people were agriculturists. They had to pay heavy taxes. Nobility, the crown and the Orthodox Church owned large properties. Peasants were deeply religious but they had no respect for the nobility. They wanted the land of the nobles to be given to them.
(d) Most industry was privately owned. The wages were minimum and the working hours were sometimes 15 hours. Thus, the condition of workers was miserable.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/
Explain the main ideas of Karl Marx.
Karl Marx added other ideas in the socialist ideas. (a) Socialists considered private property as the root of all social ills. (b) Marx argued that industrial society was 'capitalist'. Capitalists owned the capital invested in factories, and the profit of capitalists was produced by workers. (c) TheRead more
Karl Marx added other ideas in the socialist ideas.
(a) Socialists considered private property as the root of all social ills.
(b) Marx argued that industrial society was ‘capitalist’. Capitalists owned the capital invested in factories, and the profit of capitalists was produced by workers.
(c) The workers had to overthrow capitalism and the rule of private property.
(d) After overthrowing the capitalism, a radically socialist society would be constructed where all property was socially controlled.
(e) Further, this would be a communist society and a communist society was the natural society of the future.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/
How was the Russian society socialized?
Russian society was socialized by- (a) Nationalization of banks and industries. (b) Collective farming. (c) Central planning, beginning of Five Years Plans. (d) An extended schooling system developed; arrangements were made for factory workers and peasants to enter universities. (e) Crèches were estRead more
Russian society was socialized by-
(a) Nationalization of banks and industries.
(b) Collective farming.
(c) Central planning, beginning of Five Years Plans.
(d) An extended schooling system developed; arrangements were made for factory workers and peasants to enter universities.
(e) Crèches were established in the factories.
(f) Availability of cheap public health care.
(g) Model living quarters for the workers.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/
What were the main changes that came after the Revolution of October, 1917?
Changes after the Revolution of October, 1917: (a) Private property eradicated. Most industries and banks were nationalized. (b) Land was declared social property, land of nobility seized. (c) Ban on use of old titles of aristocracy. (d) Russia signed peace pact with Germany. (e) Russia became a oneRead more
Changes after the Revolution of October, 1917:
(a) Private property eradicated. Most industries and banks were nationalized.
(b) Land was declared social property, land of nobility seized.
(c) Ban on use of old titles of aristocracy.
(d) Russia signed peace pact with Germany.
(e) Russia became a one-party state and the Russian Communist Party was the only party.
(f) Censorship in all aspects of life was imposed.
(g) Beginning of civil war in Russia.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/
What was Lenin’s April Theses?
In April 1917, the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia from his exile. He presented three demands which are known as Lenin's April Theses. These were: (i) The war (First World War) must be brought to a close. (ii) Land must be transferred to the peasants. (iii) Banks must be nationaliRead more
In April 1917, the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia from his exile. He presented three demands which are known as Lenin’s April Theses. These were:
(i) The war (First World War) must be brought to a close.
(ii) Land must be transferred to the peasants.
(iii) Banks must be nationalized.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/
Describe the visions of early socialists.
Socialists were against the private property but had differing ideas on how a society without property could operate. Some of visions of socialists are as follows: (1) Robert Owen- sought to build a cooperative community. (2) Louis Blanc- He wanted the government to encourage cooperatives and replacRead more
Socialists were against the private property but had differing ideas on how a society without property could operate. Some of visions of socialists are as follows:
(1) Robert Owen- sought to build a cooperative community.
(2) Louis Blanc- He wanted the government to encourage cooperatives and replace capitalist enterprises.
(3) Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels-They argued that the industrial society was ‘capitalist’. The capitalists owned the capital invested in the factories, and the profit of capitalists was produced by workers. Thus, capitalists exploit the workers. Marx believed that this capitalist system would be triumphed by the workers and a socialist society would be established where all property would be socially controlled.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/
Differentiate between the ideas of liberals and radicals.
Liberals:- (a) Tolerance of all religions (b) Opposed the uncontrolled powers of the king. (c) Supported the rights of the individuals (d) Supported a representative, elected parliamentary government and independent judiciary. (e) Did not support universal adult franchise (right of every citizen incRead more
Liberals:-
(a) Tolerance of all religions
(b) Opposed the uncontrolled powers of the king.
(c) Supported the rights of the individuals
(d) Supported a representative, elected parliamentary government and independent judiciary.
(e) Did not support universal adult franchise (right of every citizen including women)
(f) Supported private property.
Radicals:-
(a) Government based on majority.
(b) Opposed the privileges given to great landowners and wealthy factory owners.
(c) Many of them also supported women’s suffragette movements.
(d) Supported private property but disliked concentration of property in the hands of a few.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/
What were the main ideas of liberals in the 19th century Europe?
Main ideas of Liberals were (a) Tolerance of all religions (b) Opposed the uncontrolled powers of the king. (c) Supported the rights of the individuals Supported a representative, elected parliamentary government and independent judiciary (d) Did not support universal adult franchise (right of everyRead more
Main ideas of Liberals were
(a) Tolerance of all religions
(b) Opposed the uncontrolled powers of the king.
(c) Supported the rights of the individuals Supported a representative, elected parliamentary government and independent judiciary
(d) Did not support universal adult franchise (right of every citizen including women)
(f) Supported private property.
For more answers visit to website:
See lesshttps://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-9/social-science/