(a) Why Tiger Project: Tiger is one of the main wildlife species in the faunal web. The tiger population has decreased from 55,000 at the turn of the century to 1,827 in 1973. (b) Threats to tiger population: Threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat. deRead more
(a) Why Tiger Project: Tiger is one of the main wildlife species in the faunal web. The tiger population has decreased from 55,000 at the turn of the century to 1,827 in 1973.
(b) Threats to tiger population: Threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat. depletion of prey base species, growing human population, trade of tiger skins and use of their bones in traditional medicines.
(c) Why poaching and illegal trading in India and Nepal: India and Nepal provide habitat to about two-thirds of surviving tiger population in the world, so these countries face the problem of poaching and illegal trading.
(d) Implementation of Project Tiger: It was launched in 1973. The tiger population was as given below in different years from 1985 to 1993: 1985 – 4,002,1989 – 4,334,1993 – 3,600. 27 Liger reserves have been setup in an area of 37, 761 sq km to save them from extinction as well as a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude. The main tiger, reserves are as given below:
(i) Corbett National park in Uttarakhand.
(ii) Sunderbans National park in West Bengal.
(iii) Bandhavgarh National park in Madhya Pradesh.
(iv) Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan.
(v) Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam.
(vi) Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala.
The following steps have been taken for the Conservation of Forests and Wildlife in India: (i) The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with following provisions for protecting habitats. (a) An all-India list of protected species was published. (b) Hunting of endangered speciesRead more
The following steps have been taken for the Conservation of Forests and Wildlife in India:
(i) The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with following provisions for protecting habitats.
(a) An all-India list of protected species was published.
(b) Hunting of endangered species was banned and legal protection to their habitats was given. Trade in wildlife was restricted.
(ii) 89 National Parks and 49 Wildlife Sanctuaries were established.
(iii)’several projects – Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard – introduced.
(iv) The ‘Indian elephant and black buck (Chinkara) etc. have been given full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade throughout India.
(v) 14 bioreserves have been set up to protect flora and fauna.
(vi) Under Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies. moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
(vii) In 1991 for the first time plants have been added to the list, starting with six species.
(a) We need to conserve our forests and wildlife due to the following reasons: (l) Forests and wildlife preserve the ecological diversity and our life support systems - water, air and soil. (ii) It preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding. For eRead more
(a) We need to conserve our forests and wildlife due to the following reasons:
(l) Forests and wildlife preserve the ecological diversity and our life support systems – water, air and soil.
(ii) It preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding. For example, fisheries are heavily dependent on the maintenance of acquatic biodiversity.
(iii) Forests play a major role in enhancing the quality of environment. They modify local climate, control soil erosion and regulate stream flow.
(iv) They support a variety of industries, provide livelihood for many communities.
(v) They offer panoramic or scenic view for recreation.
(b) The central government had started several projects for protecting specific animals which were gravely threatened, including the tiger, the one horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag and others. Some animals such as Indian elephant, black buck have been given full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade throughout India.
However the conservation projects have changed:
(l) These projects are now focusing on biodiversity rather than on a few of its components.
(ii) There is now a more intensive search for different conservation measures.
(iii) Even insects are finding place in conservation planning. In the notification under
Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
(iv) In 1991 for the first time plants were also added in the list, starting with six species.
Biological loss or loss of forest and wildlife is correlated with the loss of cultural diversity in the following ways: (i) It leads to loss of cultural diversity which has marginalised and impoverished many indigenous and other forest dependent communities, who directly depend on various componentsRead more
Biological loss or loss of forest and wildlife is correlated with the loss of cultural diversity in the following ways:
(i) It leads to loss of cultural diversity which has marginalised and impoverished many indigenous and other forest dependent communities, who directly depend on various components of the forest and wildlife for food, drink, medicine, culture and spirituality.
(ii) Among the poor, women are affected badly because they collect fuel, fodder, water and other basic subsistence needs. With the depletion of resources women have to walk a long distance up to 10 km to collect above subsistence needs. Such activities cause health problems for women and negligence of home and children because of increased hours of work.
(iii) Destruction of forests lead to severe drought or deforestation-induced floods. This in turn leads to increase in poverty which is a direct outcome of environmental destruction.
In view of the above forest and wildlife are vital to the quality of life and environment.
(a) Asiatic cheetah is world's fastest land mammal. The cheetah is a unique and specialised member of the cat family. Cheetah can move at the speed of 112 km an hour. Its distinguishing marks are the long teardrop-shaped lines on each side of the nose from the corner of its eyes to its mouth. Up toRead more
(a) Asiatic cheetah is world’s fastest land mammal. The cheetah is a unique and specialised member of the cat family. Cheetah can move at the speed of 112 km an hour. Its distinguishing marks are the long teardrop-shaped lines on each side of the nose from the corner of its eyes to its mouth. Up to 19th century, they were found in Africa and Asia.
(b) Cheetah has become extinct due to a decline of available habitat and prey. The species was declared extinct in India long back in 1952.
(i) Habital destruction, hunting, poaching, over-exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning and forest fires are the main factors which have led to the decline in India’s biodiversity. (ii) Other causes of environmental destruction are unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and dRead more
(i) Habital destruction, hunting, poaching, over-exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning and forest fires are the main factors which have led to the decline in India’s biodiversity.
(ii) Other causes of environmental destruction are unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and differential sharing of responsibility for environmental well-being.
(iii) Over population is also cited as the cause of environmental degradation. However the richest five per cent of Indian society probably cause more ecological damage because of the amount they consume than the poorest 25 per cent. The former shares minimum responsibilities for environmental well-being.
The differences are as mentioned below: Endangered species:- 1. These species which are in danger of extinction. 2. The survival of such species is difficult, if the negative factors that have led to a decline in their population continue to operate. 3. The example of such species are black buck, crRead more
The differences are as mentioned below:
Endangered species:-
1. These species which are in danger of extinction.
2. The survival of such species is difficult, if the negative factors that have led to a decline in their population continue to operate.
3. The example of such species are black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion tailed macaque, sangai.
Extinct species:-
1. These are species which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they, may occur.
2. These species are extinct from a local area, region, country, continent or the entire earth.
3. Example of such species are the Asiatic cheetah, pink head buck.
Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) existing animal species can be classified as follows: (i) Normal species: These species are considered to be normal in their population. Such species are cattle, sal, pine and rodents. (ii) Endangered species: TRead more
Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
(IUCN) existing animal species can be classified as follows:
(i) Normal species: These species are considered to be normal in their population. Such species are cattle, sal, pine and rodents.
(ii) Endangered species: These are species which are in danger of extinction. The examples are black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion tailed macaque, and
sangai (brow anter deer in Manipur).
(iii) Vulnerable species: These are species whose population has decreased to such a low level that they may become endangered species in future if the present negative factors continue to operate. The examples are blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, and Gangetic dolphin.
(iv) Rare species: These are rare species but can become vulnerable or endangered species if the present trend continues. Examples are the Himalayan brown bear- wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox and hornbill.
(v) Endemic species: These species are found in some particular areas. For example, the Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, and mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.
(vi)Extinct species: These species have become extinct and are not found after searches. For example, the Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck.
Write a short note on Project Tiger.
(a) Why Tiger Project: Tiger is one of the main wildlife species in the faunal web. The tiger population has decreased from 55,000 at the turn of the century to 1,827 in 1973. (b) Threats to tiger population: Threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat. deRead more
(a) Why Tiger Project: Tiger is one of the main wildlife species in the faunal web. The tiger population has decreased from 55,000 at the turn of the century to 1,827 in 1973.
See less(b) Threats to tiger population: Threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat. depletion of prey base species, growing human population, trade of tiger skins and use of their bones in traditional medicines.
(c) Why poaching and illegal trading in India and Nepal: India and Nepal provide habitat to about two-thirds of surviving tiger population in the world, so these countries face the problem of poaching and illegal trading.
(d) Implementation of Project Tiger: It was launched in 1973. The tiger population was as given below in different years from 1985 to 1993: 1985 – 4,002,1989 – 4,334,1993 – 3,600. 27 Liger reserves have been setup in an area of 37, 761 sq km to save them from extinction as well as a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude. The main tiger, reserves are as given below:
(i) Corbett National park in Uttarakhand.
(ii) Sunderbans National park in West Bengal.
(iii) Bandhavgarh National park in Madhya Pradesh.
(iv) Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan.
(v) Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam.
(vi) Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala.
Explain any three methods of forest conservation adopted by the government after independence.
The following steps have been taken for the Conservation of Forests and Wildlife in India: (i) The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with following provisions for protecting habitats. (a) An all-India list of protected species was published. (b) Hunting of endangered speciesRead more
The following steps have been taken for the Conservation of Forests and Wildlife in India:
See less(i) The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with following provisions for protecting habitats.
(a) An all-India list of protected species was published.
(b) Hunting of endangered species was banned and legal protection to their habitats was given. Trade in wildlife was restricted.
(ii) 89 National Parks and 49 Wildlife Sanctuaries were established.
(iii)’several projects – Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard – introduced.
(iv) The ‘Indian elephant and black buck (Chinkara) etc. have been given full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade throughout India.
(v) 14 bioreserves have been set up to protect flora and fauna.
(vi) Under Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies. moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
(vii) In 1991 for the first time plants have been added to the list, starting with six species.
Resources which are surveyed and their quantity and quality have been determined for utilisation are known as…………
(c) developed resources.
(c) developed resources.
See lessWhy do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife?
(a) We need to conserve our forests and wildlife due to the following reasons: (l) Forests and wildlife preserve the ecological diversity and our life support systems - water, air and soil. (ii) It preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding. For eRead more
(a) We need to conserve our forests and wildlife due to the following reasons:
See less(l) Forests and wildlife preserve the ecological diversity and our life support systems – water, air and soil.
(ii) It preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding. For example, fisheries are heavily dependent on the maintenance of acquatic biodiversity.
(iii) Forests play a major role in enhancing the quality of environment. They modify local climate, control soil erosion and regulate stream flow.
(iv) They support a variety of industries, provide livelihood for many communities.
(v) They offer panoramic or scenic view for recreation.
(b) The central government had started several projects for protecting specific animals which were gravely threatened, including the tiger, the one horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag and others. Some animals such as Indian elephant, black buck have been given full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade throughout India.
However the conservation projects have changed:
(l) These projects are now focusing on biodiversity rather than on a few of its components.
(ii) There is now a more intensive search for different conservation measures.
(iii) Even insects are finding place in conservation planning. In the notification under
Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
(iv) In 1991 for the first time plants were also added in the list, starting with six species.
How is biological loss of forest and wildlife correlated with loss of cultural diversity?
Biological loss or loss of forest and wildlife is correlated with the loss of cultural diversity in the following ways: (i) It leads to loss of cultural diversity which has marginalised and impoverished many indigenous and other forest dependent communities, who directly depend on various componentsRead more
Biological loss or loss of forest and wildlife is correlated with the loss of cultural diversity in the following ways:
See less(i) It leads to loss of cultural diversity which has marginalised and impoverished many indigenous and other forest dependent communities, who directly depend on various components of the forest and wildlife for food, drink, medicine, culture and spirituality.
(ii) Among the poor, women are affected badly because they collect fuel, fodder, water and other basic subsistence needs. With the depletion of resources women have to walk a long distance up to 10 km to collect above subsistence needs. Such activities cause health problems for women and negligence of home and children because of increased hours of work.
(iii) Destruction of forests lead to severe drought or deforestation-induced floods. This in turn leads to increase in poverty which is a direct outcome of environmental destruction.
In view of the above forest and wildlife are vital to the quality of life and environment.
Write a short note on Asiatic cheetah. Why has it become extinct?
(a) Asiatic cheetah is world's fastest land mammal. The cheetah is a unique and specialised member of the cat family. Cheetah can move at the speed of 112 km an hour. Its distinguishing marks are the long teardrop-shaped lines on each side of the nose from the corner of its eyes to its mouth. Up toRead more
(a) Asiatic cheetah is world’s fastest land mammal. The cheetah is a unique and specialised member of the cat family. Cheetah can move at the speed of 112 km an hour. Its distinguishing marks are the long teardrop-shaped lines on each side of the nose from the corner of its eyes to its mouth. Up to 19th century, they were found in Africa and Asia.
See less(b) Cheetah has become extinct due to a decline of available habitat and prey. The species was declared extinct in India long back in 1952.
Explain any three factors which led to the decline in India’s biodiversity.
(i) Habital destruction, hunting, poaching, over-exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning and forest fires are the main factors which have led to the decline in India’s biodiversity. (ii) Other causes of environmental destruction are unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and dRead more
(i) Habital destruction, hunting, poaching, over-exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning and forest fires are the main factors which have led to the decline in India’s biodiversity.
See less(ii) Other causes of environmental destruction are unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and differential sharing of responsibility for environmental well-being.
(iii) Over population is also cited as the cause of environmental degradation. However the richest five per cent of Indian society probably cause more ecological damage because of the amount they consume than the poorest 25 per cent. The former shares minimum responsibilities for environmental well-being.
Highlight any three differences between endangered species and extinct species.
The differences are as mentioned below: Endangered species:- 1. These species which are in danger of extinction. 2. The survival of such species is difficult, if the negative factors that have led to a decline in their population continue to operate. 3. The example of such species are black buck, crRead more
The differences are as mentioned below:
See lessEndangered species:-
1. These species which are in danger of extinction.
2. The survival of such species is difficult, if the negative factors that have led to a decline in their population continue to operate.
3. The example of such species are black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion tailed macaque, sangai.
Extinct species:-
1. These are species which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they, may occur.
2. These species are extinct from a local area, region, country, continent or the entire earth.
3. Example of such species are the Asiatic cheetah, pink head buck.
Describe the different categories of existing animal species.
Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) existing animal species can be classified as follows: (i) Normal species: These species are considered to be normal in their population. Such species are cattle, sal, pine and rodents. (ii) Endangered species: TRead more
Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
See less(IUCN) existing animal species can be classified as follows:
(i) Normal species: These species are considered to be normal in their population. Such species are cattle, sal, pine and rodents.
(ii) Endangered species: These are species which are in danger of extinction. The examples are black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion tailed macaque, and
sangai (brow anter deer in Manipur).
(iii) Vulnerable species: These are species whose population has decreased to such a low level that they may become endangered species in future if the present negative factors continue to operate. The examples are blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, and Gangetic dolphin.
(iv) Rare species: These are rare species but can become vulnerable or endangered species if the present trend continues. Examples are the Himalayan brown bear- wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox and hornbill.
(v) Endemic species: These species are found in some particular areas. For example, the Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, and mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.
(vi)Extinct species: These species have become extinct and are not found after searches. For example, the Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck.