1. (a) movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

    (a) movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

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  2. (l) Joint Forest Management Programme has been started involving local communities in the, management and restoration of degraded forests. (ii) In 1988, the state of Orissa passed the first resolution for joint forest management. (iii) Under this programme local or village institutions undertake proRead more

    (l) Joint Forest Management Programme has been started involving local communities in the, management and restoration of degraded forests.
    (ii) In 1988, the state of Orissa passed the first resolution for joint forest management.
    (iii) Under this programme local or village institutions undertake protection activities on degraded forest land managed by the forest department.
    (iv) Local communities get benefits like non-timber forest produces and share in the timber harvested by “successful protection”. The JFM programme shows that the local communities should be involved everywhere in the natural resource management.

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  3. Effective practices towards conserving forests and wildlife are as mentioned below: (i) The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav 'sonchuri', declaring their own set of rules and regulations. They do not allow hunRead more

    Effective practices towards conserving forests and wildlife are as mentioned below:
    (i) The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘sonchuri’, declaring their own set of rules and regulations. They do not allow hunting and are protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.
    (ii) In tribal areas ‘Sacred Groves’ have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned.
    (iii) In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan herds of black buck, nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community and nobody harms them.

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