(a) Coriolis force: Coriolis force is an apparent force caused by the earth's rotation The Coriolis force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere This is also known as ‘Ferrel’s Law’. (b) Jet stream: There are aRead more
(a) Coriolis force: Coriolis force is an apparent force caused by the earth’s rotation The Coriolis force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere This is also known as ‘Ferrel’s Law’.
(b) Jet stream: There are a narrow belt of high altitude above 12.000 westerly wind in the troposphere- Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 154 km/h in Winter Number of separate streams have been identified The most constant are the multitude and the subtropical jet stream.
In the tropics, moist air heated by the sun rises, sheds its moisture to give tropical mains. It then moves away from the equator. Where this dry air returns to the ground, it brings Almost no rain and produces deserts. Desert geography is controlled ultimately by precipitation physics. Sheer remoteRead more
In the tropics, moist air heated by the sun rises, sheds its moisture to give tropical mains. It then moves away from the equator. Where this dry air returns to the ground, it brings Almost no rain and produces deserts. Desert geography is controlled ultimately by precipitation physics. Sheer remoteness from oceanic moisture source may be dominating factor for the location of deserts in the western margins of the continents in the subtropics.
Ans. There are variations in the form, types as well as amount and the seasonal distribution as given below: (a) Form: Precipitation is mostly in the form of snow-fall in the upper parts of Himalayas. It, however, rains over the rest of the country. (b) Variations in amount: The annual precipitationRead more
Ans. There are variations in the form, types as well as amount and the seasonal distribution as given below:
(a) Form: Precipitation is mostly in the form of snow-fall in the upper parts of Himalayas. It, however, rains over the rest of the country.
(b) Variations in amount: The annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western Rajasthan.
(c) Difference in period : Most parts of the country receive rainfall from June to September. But some parts like the Tamil Nadu coast get most of its rain during October and November.
(d) Less contrasts in coastal areas: In general, coastal areas experience less contrasts in temperature conditions. Seasonal contrasts are more in the interior of the country. There is decrease in rainfall generally from east to west in Northern plains.
(e) Effects of precipitation: The variations in precipitation have given rise to variety in lives of people in terms of the food they eat, the clothes they wear and also the kind of houses they live in. For example, the houses in Rajasthan have thick walls and flat roofs while the houses in the Tarai region have sloping roofs.
(i) The village of Sukhomajri and the district of Jhabua have shown that it is possible to reverse land degradation by plantation of trees. Tree density in Sukhomajri increased from 13 per hectare in 1976 to 1,279 per hectare in 1992. (ii) Regeneration of the environment has led to economic well-beiRead more
(i) The village of Sukhomajri and the district of Jhabua have shown that it is possible to reverse land degradation by plantation of trees. Tree density in Sukhomajri increased from 13 per hectare in 1976 to 1,279 per hectare in 1992.
(ii) Regeneration of the environment has led to economic well-being of the people. The annual average household income in Sukhomajri ranged from ` 10,000-15,000 between 1979 and 1984.This was due to greater resource availability, improved agriculture and animal care.
(iii) Madhya Pradesh government has made people the decision makers because their participation is essential for ecological restoration. Thus, 2.9 million hectares or 1 per cent of India’s land area are being greened across the state through watershed management.
The measures for soil conservation are as follows: (a) Contour ploughing i.e., ploughing along the contour lines decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. (b) Terrace cultivation: Steps are cut on the slopes making terraces which restrict erosion. It is done in western and central Himalayas. (c)Read more
The measures for soil conservation are as follows:
(a) Contour ploughing i.e., ploughing along the contour lines decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
(b) Terrace cultivation: Steps are cut on the slopes making terraces which restrict erosion. It is done in western and central Himalayas.
(c) Strip cropping It divides large fields into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops.
(d) Planting of trees to create shelters are called shelter belts. These shelter belts help in stabilising the desert in western India.
(1) Soil erosion: The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion. (2) Causes for soil erosion: (l) Human activities such as deforestation, over grazing, construction, mining and other activities are responsible for soil erosion. (ii) Natural forces like winRead more
(1) Soil erosion: The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion.
(2) Causes for soil erosion:
(l) Human activities such as deforestation, over grazing, construction, mining and other activities are responsible for soil erosion.
(ii) Natural forces like wind, glacier and water also cause erosion. (a) The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes gullies. The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land. In chambal basin such lands are called ravines.
(b) Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope and washes away the top soil. It is known as sheet erosion.
(c) When wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land, it is known as wind erosion. (d) Soil erosion is also caused by ploughing in a wrong way’ i.e., up and down the slope from channels for the quick flow of water leading is soil erosion.
(1) Arid soils: (a) Features: (i) They range from red to brown in colour. (ii) They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. (iii) ln some areas, the soil contains high percentage of soluble salt and lack in organic matter. (iv) Soil lacks humus and moisture. (v) The lower horizons of thRead more
(1) Arid soils: (a) Features: (i) They range from red to brown in colour.
(ii) They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.
(iii) ln some areas, the soil contains high percentage of soluble salt and lack in organic matter.
(iv) Soil lacks humus and moisture.
(v) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar.
(vi) These sols can become cultivable if irrigation facilities are made available as has been in the case of western Rajasthan.
(b) Places: These soils are found in arid areas of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
(2) Forest soils: (a) Features: (i) They are found in mountainous area. (ii) They are loamy and silty in valley slides and coarse grained in the upper slopes. (iii)In the snow covered areas of the Himalayas they are acidic with low humus content.
(b) Places: They are found in the hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rain forests are available. These places are Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.
Laterite soil: (a) Features: (i) Laterite has been derived from the Latin word 'later' which means brick. It develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. (ii) Humus content of the soil is low. (iii) They lack in elements of fertility and are of low value for crop production. (iv) TheyRead more
Laterite soil: (a) Features: (i) Laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘later’ which means brick. It develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall.
(ii) Humus content of the soil is low.
(iii) They lack in elements of fertility and are of low value for crop production.
(iv) They are composed of little clay and much gravel of red sandstones.
(v) They are suitable for cultivation with manures and fertilizers.
(b) Places: (l) They are found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.
(ii) After adopting appropriate soil conservation techniques particularly in the hilly areas of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, this soil is very useful for growing tea and coffee.
(iii) Red laterite soil in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are more suitable for crops like cashew nut.
Explain the following terms: (a) Coriolis force (b) Jet stream
(a) Coriolis force: Coriolis force is an apparent force caused by the earth's rotation The Coriolis force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere This is also known as ‘Ferrel’s Law’. (b) Jet stream: There are aRead more
(a) Coriolis force: Coriolis force is an apparent force caused by the earth’s rotation The Coriolis force is responsible for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere This is also known as ‘Ferrel’s Law’.
See less(b) Jet stream: There are a narrow belt of high altitude above 12.000 westerly wind in the troposphere- Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 154 km/h in Winter Number of separate streams have been identified The most constant are the multitude and the subtropical jet stream.
Why most of the world’s deserts are located in the western margins of continents in the subtropics?
In the tropics, moist air heated by the sun rises, sheds its moisture to give tropical mains. It then moves away from the equator. Where this dry air returns to the ground, it brings Almost no rain and produces deserts. Desert geography is controlled ultimately by precipitation physics. Sheer remoteRead more
In the tropics, moist air heated by the sun rises, sheds its moisture to give tropical mains. It then moves away from the equator. Where this dry air returns to the ground, it brings Almost no rain and produces deserts. Desert geography is controlled ultimately by precipitation physics. Sheer remoteness from oceanic moisture source may be dominating factor for the location of deserts in the western margins of the continents in the subtropics.
See lessWrite a short note on precipitation in India.
Ans. There are variations in the form, types as well as amount and the seasonal distribution as given below: (a) Form: Precipitation is mostly in the form of snow-fall in the upper parts of Himalayas. It, however, rains over the rest of the country. (b) Variations in amount: The annual precipitationRead more
Ans. There are variations in the form, types as well as amount and the seasonal distribution as given below:
See less(a) Form: Precipitation is mostly in the form of snow-fall in the upper parts of Himalayas. It, however, rains over the rest of the country.
(b) Variations in amount: The annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western Rajasthan.
(c) Difference in period : Most parts of the country receive rainfall from June to September. But some parts like the Tamil Nadu coast get most of its rain during October and November.
(d) Less contrasts in coastal areas: In general, coastal areas experience less contrasts in temperature conditions. Seasonal contrasts are more in the interior of the country. There is decrease in rainfall generally from east to west in Northern plains.
(e) Effects of precipitation: The variations in precipitation have given rise to variety in lives of people in terms of the food they eat, the clothes they wear and also the kind of houses they live in. For example, the houses in Rajasthan have thick walls and flat roofs while the houses in the Tarai region have sloping roofs.
What is the state of India’s environment as depicted by the village Sukhomajri and the district of Jhabua?
(i) The village of Sukhomajri and the district of Jhabua have shown that it is possible to reverse land degradation by plantation of trees. Tree density in Sukhomajri increased from 13 per hectare in 1976 to 1,279 per hectare in 1992. (ii) Regeneration of the environment has led to economic well-beiRead more
(i) The village of Sukhomajri and the district of Jhabua have shown that it is possible to reverse land degradation by plantation of trees. Tree density in Sukhomajri increased from 13 per hectare in 1976 to 1,279 per hectare in 1992.
See less(ii) Regeneration of the environment has led to economic well-being of the people. The annual average household income in Sukhomajri ranged from ` 10,000-15,000 between 1979 and 1984.This was due to greater resource availability, improved agriculture and animal care.
(iii) Madhya Pradesh government has made people the decision makers because their participation is essential for ecological restoration. Thus, 2.9 million hectares or 1 per cent of India’s land area are being greened across the state through watershed management.
Describe measures of soil conservation.
The measures for soil conservation are as follows: (a) Contour ploughing i.e., ploughing along the contour lines decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. (b) Terrace cultivation: Steps are cut on the slopes making terraces which restrict erosion. It is done in western and central Himalayas. (c)Read more
The measures for soil conservation are as follows:
See less(a) Contour ploughing i.e., ploughing along the contour lines decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
(b) Terrace cultivation: Steps are cut on the slopes making terraces which restrict erosion. It is done in western and central Himalayas.
(c) Strip cropping It divides large fields into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops.
(d) Planting of trees to create shelters are called shelter belts. These shelter belts help in stabilising the desert in western India.
What is soil erosion? Write human activities that lead to soil erosion.
(1) Soil erosion: The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion. (2) Causes for soil erosion: (l) Human activities such as deforestation, over grazing, construction, mining and other activities are responsible for soil erosion. (ii) Natural forces like winRead more
(1) Soil erosion: The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion.
See less(2) Causes for soil erosion:
(l) Human activities such as deforestation, over grazing, construction, mining and other activities are responsible for soil erosion.
(ii) Natural forces like wind, glacier and water also cause erosion. (a) The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes gullies. The land becomes unfit for cultivation and is known as bad land. In chambal basin such lands are called ravines.
(b) Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope and washes away the top soil. It is known as sheet erosion.
(c) When wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land, it is known as wind erosion. (d) Soil erosion is also caused by ploughing in a wrong way’ i.e., up and down the slope from channels for the quick flow of water leading is soil erosion.
Describe the features of Arid soils and Forest soils. Mention the places where they are found in India.
(1) Arid soils: (a) Features: (i) They range from red to brown in colour. (ii) They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. (iii) ln some areas, the soil contains high percentage of soluble salt and lack in organic matter. (iv) Soil lacks humus and moisture. (v) The lower horizons of thRead more
(1) Arid soils: (a) Features: (i) They range from red to brown in colour.
See less(ii) They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature.
(iii) ln some areas, the soil contains high percentage of soluble salt and lack in organic matter.
(iv) Soil lacks humus and moisture.
(v) The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar.
(vi) These sols can become cultivable if irrigation facilities are made available as has been in the case of western Rajasthan.
(b) Places: These soils are found in arid areas of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana.
(2) Forest soils: (a) Features: (i) They are found in mountainous area. (ii) They are loamy and silty in valley slides and coarse grained in the upper slopes. (iii)In the snow covered areas of the Himalayas they are acidic with low humus content.
(b) Places: They are found in the hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rain forests are available. These places are Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.
Describe features of laterite soil. Mention the places where they are found in India.
Laterite soil: (a) Features: (i) Laterite has been derived from the Latin word 'later' which means brick. It develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. (ii) Humus content of the soil is low. (iii) They lack in elements of fertility and are of low value for crop production. (iv) TheyRead more
Laterite soil: (a) Features: (i) Laterite has been derived from the Latin word ‘later’ which means brick. It develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall.
See less(ii) Humus content of the soil is low.
(iii) They lack in elements of fertility and are of low value for crop production.
(iv) They are composed of little clay and much gravel of red sandstones.
(v) They are suitable for cultivation with manures and fertilizers.
(b) Places: (l) They are found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.
(ii) After adopting appropriate soil conservation techniques particularly in the hilly areas of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, this soil is very useful for growing tea and coffee.
(iii) Red laterite soil in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are more suitable for crops like cashew nut.