Starch, the main storage polysaccharide in plants, consists of two components: amylose (15-20%) and amylopectin (80-85%). Amylose is a water-soluble, unbranched chain polymer of a-D-glucose units linked by C₁– C₄ glycosidic linkage.

Polysaccharides primarily serve as food storage or structural materials. They are commonly encountered in nature due to their abundance and diverse roles.

Common names of ethers are derived from alkyl/aryl groups in alphabetical order, followed by the word ‘ether’. In IUPAC nomenclature, ethers are considered hydrocarbon derivatives, replacing a hydrogen atom with an –OR or –OAr group, where R and Ar represent ...

Dihydroxy derivatives of benzene are named as 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-benzenediol in common nomenclature.

The IUPAC name for the simplest hydroxy derivative of benzene is phenol. Substituted compounds use the terms ortho (1,2-disubstituted), meta (1,3-disubstituted), and para (1,4-disubstituted) to indicate substituent positions.

Polyhydric alcohols retain the ‘e’ of the alkane and add the suffix ‘ol,’ with the number of -OH groups indicated by multiplicative prefixes. For cyclic alcohols, the prefix “cyclo” is used, and the —OH group is considered attached to C–1 ...

In the IUPAC system, the name of an alcohol is derived from the corresponding alkane by replacing ‘e’ with ‘ol’. Substituent positions are indicated using numerals, starting from the end nearest to the hydroxyl group.

The common name of an alcohol is derived from the common name of the alkyl group, with the word “alcohol” added. For example, CH₃OH is called methyl alcohol.

Ethers are classified as simple or symmetrical if the attached alkyl or aryl groups are the same, and mixed or unsymmetrical if the groups are different. Diethyl ether is an example of a symmetrical ether, while C₂H₅OCH₃ is an example ...

In primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, the –OH group is attached to primary, secondary, and tertiary carbon atoms, respectively, in the alkyl group.