The scientific definition of work requires a force causing a displacement, whereas the everyday understanding of work involves any physical effort or energy expenditure, regardless of whether there is displacement.
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No work is done on the load when you stand still with it on your head because there is no displacement of the load in the direction of the force you are applying.
Standing still for a few minutes with a heavy load on your head results in tiredness and expenditure of energy, but no work is done on the load according to the scientific definition.
According to the scientific definition of work, no work has been done on the rock if it does not move, as work requires displacement in the direction of the force applied.
When you push a huge rock that does not move, you get completely exhausted, but no work is done on the rock because there is no displacement.
Yes, an example of an activity that would be considered ‘work’ scientifically is pushing a box across the floor, where the force applied to the box results in its displacement.
Kamali engages in reading books, drawing diagrams, organizing her thoughts, collecting question papers, attending classes, discussing problems with her friends, and performing experiments.
In common parlance, Kamali’s preparation for exams would be described as ‘working hard.’
According to the scientific definition of work, Kamali’s preparation for her examinations may involve very little ‘work.’
The everyday use of the term ‘work’ refers to any effort or activity that expends energy, while the scientific definition of work involves a force causing a displacement in the direction of the force.