(i) To obtain an erect image using a concave mirror, the object should be placed within a certain range of distances from the mirror. The range of object distances for a concave mirror to produce an erect image depends on the focal length of the mirror. For a concave mirror: 1) If the object is placRead more
(i) To obtain an erect image using a concave mirror, the object should be placed within a certain range of distances from the mirror. The range of object distances for a concave mirror to produce an erect image depends on the focal length of the mirror.
For a concave mirror:
1) If the object is placed between the mirror’s surface and its focal point (F), the image will be virtual, erect, and larger than the object. This occurs for object distances less than the focal length (f).
2) If the object is placed at the focal point (F), the reflected rays are parallel, and there is no distinct image formed.
3) If the object is placed beyond the focal point (F), the image will be real, inverted, and smaller than the object.
Given that you want to obtain an erect image, the object should be within the range of distances where the image is virtual and erect. Therefore, the object distance (denoted as u) should be between the mirror’s surface and its focal point.
In this case, the focal length (f) of the concave mirror is given as 12 cm. So, the range of object distances (u) for obtaining an erect image is 0 <u <12 cm.
(ii) The image will larger than the object.
(iii) Image will be at 24cm in front of the mirror or the image is formed at C.
Diagram for (ii):
The observation of a "chain of buds" under high power of the microscope typically refers to a characteristic feature observed in the budding yeast, which is a type of fungus. Yeasts, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are commonly used in laboratory settings for various experiments and studies. (iRead more
The observation of a “chain of buds” under high power of the microscope typically refers to a characteristic feature observed in the budding yeast, which is a type of fungus. Yeasts, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are commonly used in laboratory settings for various experiments and studies.
(i) Organism in Which “Chain of Buds” is Observed:
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): Yeast cells reproduce through a process called budding, and under high magnification, a chain of buds may be visible, indicating the successive stages of budding.
(ii) Process of Budding in Yeast:
Budding is an asexual mode of reproduction observed in yeast cells.
Here’s how the process works: (Initiation of Budding): A small protuberance or bud forms on the surface of a yeast cell. This bud gradually enlarges in size.
• Nucleus Division: The yeast cell’s nucleus undergoes division, resulting in two nuclei—one in the parent cell and one in the developing bud.
• Growth of the Bud: The bud continues to grow in size as more cellular components, including organelles and cytoplasm, are synthesized.
• Maturation of the Bud: The bud matures and eventually separates from the parent cell. At this point, it becomes an independent yeast cell.
• Repetition of the Process: The newly formed yeast cell (the bud) can initiate its own budding process, leading to the formation of a chain of buds.
Under the microscope at high power, a chain of buds may be observed, representing a sequence of yeast cells at different stages of budding. Each bud in the chain is essentially a daughter cell produced through the process of asexual reproduction.
This mode of reproduction allows yeast to rapidly multiply and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Budding is also a key feature in the fermentation process, where yeast cells are used to convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
The term "power of accommodation" refers to the ability of the human eye to adjust its focus in order to clearly see objects at different distances. This adjustment is achieved by changing the shape of the eye's natural lens. The lens of the eye is flexible and elastic. When a person looks at objectRead more
The term “power of accommodation” refers to the ability of the human eye to adjust its focus in order to clearly see objects at different distances. This adjustment is achieved by changing the shape of the eye’s natural lens.
The lens of the eye is flexible and elastic. When a person looks at objects that are close, the ciliary muscles surrounding the lens contract. This contraction causes the lens to become thicker and more convex, increasing its refractive power. As a result, the eye is able to focus on nearby objects. The power of accommodation tends to decrease with age, a condition known as presbyopia, making it more difficult to focus on close objects.
Ciliary muscles of eye are responsible for change in its focal length.
More and more people prefer to use condoms for various reasons, and these reasons are often related to both contraception and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The principle behind the use of condoms involves creating a barrier that prevents the exchange of bodily fluids duriRead more
More and more people prefer to use condoms for various reasons, and these reasons are often related to both contraception and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The principle behind the use of condoms involves creating a barrier that prevents the exchange of bodily fluids during sexual activity. Here are the key reasons and principles:
1) As Contraception: (Preventing Unplanned Pregnancies) : One of the primary reasons people use condoms is for contraception. Condoms act as a physical barrier, preventing the sperm from reaching the egg during sexual intercourse, thus reducing the risk of unplanned pregnancies.
2) Protection Against Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): (Barrier Against Infections) : Condoms provide a barrier that helps reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections. They act as a physical barrier, preventing the transmission of infectious agents present in bodily fluids, such as HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and others.
3) Ease of Use and Accessibility: (Convenient and Readily Available) : Condoms are easy to use, readily available, and do not require a prescription. They are accessible at pharmacies, health clinics, and various other outlets, making them a convenient option for many people.
4) As Non-Hormonal Option: (Suitable for Those Allergic to or Uncomfortable with Hormones): Condoms are a non-hormonal method of contraception, making them suitable for individuals who may have allergies to hormonal contraceptives or prefer non-hormonal options.
In a summary, Overall, the use of condoms is a simple and effective method for individuals and couples to protect themselves against both unintended pregnancies and the transmission of sexually transmitted infections.
a) Carbon has electronic configuration 2, 4. It could gain four electrons forming C-4 anion or lose 4 electrons to form C+4 cation. Both are not possible due to energy considerations. Carbon overcomes this problem by sharing electrons and forming covalent compounds. Two reasons for forming large numRead more
a) Carbon has electronic configuration 2, 4. It could gain four electrons forming C-4 anion or lose 4 electrons to form C+4 cation. Both are not possible due to energy considerations. Carbon overcomes this problem by sharing electrons and forming covalent compounds.
Two reasons for forming large number of compounds:
1) Catenation 2) Tetra valency
b) Formation of NH3 molecule
N – 2, 5 H – 1
Three hydrogen atoms each share 1 electron with nitrogen to form three covalent bonds. And therefore, it make an ammonia molecule (NH3). Diagram:
It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal length of 12 cm. (i) What should be the range of the object distance in the above case? (ii) Will the image be smaller or larger than the object? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in this case. (iii) Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 24 cm in front of the mirror?
(i) To obtain an erect image using a concave mirror, the object should be placed within a certain range of distances from the mirror. The range of object distances for a concave mirror to produce an erect image depends on the focal length of the mirror. For a concave mirror: 1) If the object is placRead more
(i) To obtain an erect image using a concave mirror, the object should be placed within a certain range of distances from the mirror. The range of object distances for a concave mirror to produce an erect image depends on the focal length of the mirror.
For a concave mirror:
1) If the object is placed between the mirror’s surface and its focal point (F), the image will be virtual, erect, and larger than the object. This occurs for object distances less than the focal length (f).
2) If the object is placed at the focal point (F), the reflected rays are parallel, and there is no distinct image formed.
3) If the object is placed beyond the focal point (F), the image will be real, inverted, and smaller than the object.
Given that you want to obtain an erect image, the object should be within the range of distances where the image is virtual and erect. Therefore, the object distance (denoted as u) should be between the mirror’s surface and its focal point.
In this case, the focal length (f) of the concave mirror is given as 12 cm. So, the range of object distances (u) for obtaining an erect image is 0 <u <12 cm.
(ii) The image will larger than the object.
See less(iii) Image will be at 24cm in front of the mirror or the image is formed at C.
Diagram for (ii):
When we observed under high power of the microscope, ‘chain of buds’ is visible in the microscopic view. (i) In which organism can it be observed? (ii) Explain the process.
The observation of a "chain of buds" under high power of the microscope typically refers to a characteristic feature observed in the budding yeast, which is a type of fungus. Yeasts, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are commonly used in laboratory settings for various experiments and studies. (iRead more
The observation of a “chain of buds” under high power of the microscope typically refers to a characteristic feature observed in the budding yeast, which is a type of fungus. Yeasts, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are commonly used in laboratory settings for various experiments and studies.
(i) Organism in Which “Chain of Buds” is Observed:
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): Yeast cells reproduce through a process called budding, and under high magnification, a chain of buds may be visible, indicating the successive stages of budding.
(ii) Process of Budding in Yeast:
Budding is an asexual mode of reproduction observed in yeast cells.
Here’s how the process works: (Initiation of Budding): A small protuberance or bud forms on the surface of a yeast cell. This bud gradually enlarges in size.
• Nucleus Division: The yeast cell’s nucleus undergoes division, resulting in two nuclei—one in the parent cell and one in the developing bud.
• Growth of the Bud: The bud continues to grow in size as more cellular components, including organelles and cytoplasm, are synthesized.
• Maturation of the Bud: The bud matures and eventually separates from the parent cell. At this point, it becomes an independent yeast cell.
• Repetition of the Process: The newly formed yeast cell (the bud) can initiate its own budding process, leading to the formation of a chain of buds.
Under the microscope at high power, a chain of buds may be observed, representing a sequence of yeast cells at different stages of budding. Each bud in the chain is essentially a daughter cell produced through the process of asexual reproduction.
See lessThis mode of reproduction allows yeast to rapidly multiply and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Budding is also a key feature in the fermentation process, where yeast cells are used to convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
What is meant by the term ‘power of accommodation’? Name the component of eye that is responsible for the power of accommodation.
The term "power of accommodation" refers to the ability of the human eye to adjust its focus in order to clearly see objects at different distances. This adjustment is achieved by changing the shape of the eye's natural lens. The lens of the eye is flexible and elastic. When a person looks at objectRead more
The term “power of accommodation” refers to the ability of the human eye to adjust its focus in order to clearly see objects at different distances. This adjustment is achieved by changing the shape of the eye’s natural lens.
The lens of the eye is flexible and elastic. When a person looks at objects that are close, the ciliary muscles surrounding the lens contract. This contraction causes the lens to become thicker and more convex, increasing its refractive power. As a result, the eye is able to focus on nearby objects. The power of accommodation tends to decrease with age, a condition known as presbyopia, making it more difficult to focus on close objects.
Ciliary muscles of eye are responsible for change in its focal length.
See lessWhy do more and more people prefer to use condoms? What is the principle behind use of condoms?
More and more people prefer to use condoms for various reasons, and these reasons are often related to both contraception and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The principle behind the use of condoms involves creating a barrier that prevents the exchange of bodily fluids duriRead more
More and more people prefer to use condoms for various reasons, and these reasons are often related to both contraception and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The principle behind the use of condoms involves creating a barrier that prevents the exchange of bodily fluids during sexual activity. Here are the key reasons and principles:
1) As Contraception: (Preventing Unplanned Pregnancies) : One of the primary reasons people use condoms is for contraception. Condoms act as a physical barrier, preventing the sperm from reaching the egg during sexual intercourse, thus reducing the risk of unplanned pregnancies.
2) Protection Against Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): (Barrier Against Infections) : Condoms provide a barrier that helps reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections. They act as a physical barrier, preventing the transmission of infectious agents present in bodily fluids, such as HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and others.
3) Ease of Use and Accessibility: (Convenient and Readily Available) : Condoms are easy to use, readily available, and do not require a prescription. They are accessible at pharmacies, health clinics, and various other outlets, making them a convenient option for many people.
4) As Non-Hormonal Option: (Suitable for Those Allergic to or Uncomfortable with Hormones): Condoms are a non-hormonal method of contraception, making them suitable for individuals who may have allergies to hormonal contraceptives or prefer non-hormonal options.
In a summary, Overall, the use of condoms is a simple and effective method for individuals and couples to protect themselves against both unintended pregnancies and the transmission of sexually transmitted infections.
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See lessa) Explain why carbon forms covalent bond? Carbon forming a large number of compounds – Give Two reasons. b) The formation of ammonia molecule – Explain.
a) Carbon has electronic configuration 2, 4. It could gain four electrons forming C-4 anion or lose 4 electrons to form C+4 cation. Both are not possible due to energy considerations. Carbon overcomes this problem by sharing electrons and forming covalent compounds. Two reasons for forming large numRead more
a) Carbon has electronic configuration 2, 4. It could gain four electrons forming C-4 anion or lose 4 electrons to form C+4 cation. Both are not possible due to energy considerations. Carbon overcomes this problem by sharing electrons and forming covalent compounds.
Two reasons for forming large number of compounds:
See less1) Catenation 2) Tetra valency
b) Formation of NH3 molecule
N – 2, 5 H – 1
Three hydrogen atoms each share 1 electron with nitrogen to form three covalent bonds. And therefore, it make an ammonia molecule (NH3). Diagram: