Distillation purifies water by heating it to create vapor, which then condenses back into liquid form, leaving impurities behind. This process removes dissolved salts and contaminants, producing clean water.
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Solubility-based separation methods rely on dissolving substances in solvents, while density-based methods depend on differences in mass per unit volume. Solubility methods include filtration, while density methods include centrifugation and sedimentation.
Centrifugation offers rapid and efficient separation based on density differences, allowing precise isolation of components. It is ideal for separating blood components, purifying solutions, and processing samples quickly.
Evaporation separates salt from seawater by heating the water until it turns into vapor, leaving the salt crystals behind. The water vapor can then be condensed and collected separately.
A separating funnel separates immiscible liquids based on density. By allowing the liquids to settle, the denser liquid collects at the bottom, and the lighter liquid can be poured off from the top.
To find out how hot or cold a body is, use a thermometer. A thermometer measures temperature by detecting changes in physical properties, like liquid expansion or electrical resistance, and displays the temperature on a scale.
To measure temperature with a laboratory thermometer, immerse the bulb in the substance or environment being measured, wait until the liquid stabilizes, and then read the temperature from the scale. Ensure accurate placement.
Yes, when a thermometer is removed from water, the liquid column falls because it cools down and contracts. The liquid inside the thermometer shrinks as it loses heat, causing the column level to decrease.
Anna Mani was an Indian physicist and meteorologist known for her work on solar radiation and instrumentation. She made significant contributions to weather forecasting and was a pioneer in meteorological instrumentation in India.
Yes, some objects in the sky have temperatures exceeding the Sun’s core. For instance, neutron stars and supernova remnants can reach temperatures over 100 million degrees Celsius due to their extreme density and energy.