(a) Force A: Transpiration pull is the driving force in the movement of water during the day. Transpiration is the process by which water is evaporated from the stomata of plant leaves, creating a negative pressure that pulls water upward through the xylem vessels. Force B: Root pressure is the forcRead more
(a)
Force A: Transpiration pull is the driving force in the movement of water during the day. Transpiration is the process by which water is evaporated from the stomata of plant leaves, creating a negative pressure that pulls water upward through the xylem vessels.
Force B: Root pressure is the force that helps the movement of water in a plant during the night or during the day when humidity is very high. Root pressure is the pressure exerted by the roots that forces water up the stem, even against gravity.
(b)
1. Transpiration Pull (Force A):
Description: Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems, and flowers.
Mechanism: Water is absorbed by the roots from the soil and transported up to the leaves through the xylem vessels. As water evaporates from the stomata on the surface of leaves, it creates a negative pressure or tension in the xylem, leading to a suction force known as transpiration pull. This force helps to pull water upward, against gravity, from the roots to the leaves. It also helps in the ascent of minerals and nutrients dissolved in water.
2. Root Pressure (Force B):
Description: Root pressure is the pressure developed in the roots due to active absorption of ions from the soil and their accumulation in the root cells.
Mechanism: During the night or when transpiration is low, the roots continue to actively absorb mineral ions from the soil. These ions accumulate in the root cells, creating a higher concentration of solutes. Water then moves into the roots from the soil to balance this increased solute concentration, creating positive pressure known as root pressure. This pressure helps to push water up the stem and into the xylem vessels, aiding in the movement of water. Root pressure is particularly significant in certain plant species and under conditions of high soil moisture or during the night when transpiration is reduced.
In summary, transpiration pull (force A) is the primary force responsible for water movement during the day, driven by the evaporation of water from the leaves. Root pressure (force B) contributes to water movement during the night or when humidity is high, driven by the active absorption of ions by the roots and the resulting increase in solute concentration.
(a) The Thermit process involves a thermite reaction, typically between iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) and aluminium (Al). The reaction is as follows: Fe2O3 (s) + 2Al (s) → 2Fe (l) + Al2O3 (s) Explanation, In this equation, we get that: Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) is a solid. Aluminium (Al) is a solid. Iron (FRead more
(a) The Thermit process involves a thermite reaction, typically between iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) and aluminium (Al). The reaction is as follows:
Fe2O3 (s) + 2Al (s) → 2Fe (l) + Al2O3 (s)
Explanation, In this equation, we get that:
Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) is a solid.
Aluminium (Al) is a solid.
Iron (Fe) is in its liquid state.
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) is a solid.
The reaction produces molten iron and aluminium oxide as products.
(b) The information in the chemical equation that indicates the reaction is exothermic is the presence of the symbol “l” (liquid) next to the product “Fe” (iron). The formation of molten iron indicates that heat is released during the reaction, and the reaction is exothermic. The heat generated is often sufficient to cause the molten iron to be in a liquid state. In Additionally, the release of heat is evident in the overall exothermic nature of the Thermit process, which is commonly used for tasks like welding or repairing cracks in railway tracks on site.
In the scenario you described, where Plant X is enclosed in a glass jar with lizards and Plant Y is enclosed in another glass jar without lizards, it is likely that Plant Y will photosynthesize more. Here's the reasoning: 1. Lizard Activity: Lizards are not typically involved in the process of photoRead more
In the scenario you described, where Plant X is enclosed in a glass jar with lizards and Plant Y is enclosed in another glass jar without lizards, it is likely that Plant Y will photosynthesize more. Here’s the reasoning:
1. Lizard Activity: Lizards are not typically involved in the process of photosynthesis. In fact, they might have a negative impact on Plant X due to the potential for physical damage or disturbance to the plant. Lizards are more likely to consume insects or other prey rather than contribute to the photosynthetic process of the plant.
2. Photosynthesis Interruption: The presence of lizards in the jar with Plant X may lead to disturbances, such as movement or other activities of the lizards, which could interrupt the photosynthetic process. Photosynthesis requires a stable environment with access to light, carbon dioxide, and water. Any disruption to these conditions may hinder the efficiency of photosynthesis.
3. Controlled Environment: Plant Y, being in a jar without lizards, is more likely to have a controlled and undisturbed environment. This can allow the plant to undergo photosynthesis without external interference, resulting in a potentially higher rate of photosynthesis compared to Plant X.
4. No Mutualistic Relationship: Unlike certain symbiotic relationships in nature where certain animals contribute to the well-being of plants (e.g., pollinators or seed dispersers), there is typically no mutualistic relationship between lizards and plants involving photosynthesis. Therefore, the presence of lizards is not expected to enhance the photosynthetic activity of the plant.
In summary, Plant Y is likely to photosynthesize more effectively under the given conditions due to the absence of potential disturbances caused by the presence of lizards. Plant X, in the jar with lizards, may experience disruptions that could affect its photosynthetic efficiency.
• Ravi made the bisexual flower unisexual thereby encouraging crosspollination instead of self-pollination. • Cross-pollination will increase variation and thereby the chances of having more disease-free offspring
• Ravi made the bisexual flower unisexual thereby encouraging crosspollination instead of self-pollination.
• Cross-pollination will increase variation and thereby the chances of having more disease-free offspring
• Adrenaline induces the sweat glands to produce more sweat. • It acts on the heart to increase the contraction of its muscles/pumping causing improved oxygen delivery. • It acts on blood vessels of the digestive system constricting them.
• Adrenaline induces the sweat glands to produce more sweat.
• It acts on the heart to increase the contraction of its muscles/pumping causing improved oxygen delivery.
• It acts on blood vessels of the digestive system constricting them.
Yes, the statement is correct. Plants respire throughout the whole day, while photosynthesis process takes place only in the presence of sunlight. In daytime, CO₂ produced during respiration is used by the plants in photosynthesis. So, CO₂ is not released into the environment. The oxygen produced duRead more
Yes, the statement is correct. Plants respire throughout the whole day, while photosynthesis process takes place only in the presence of sunlight. In daytime, CO₂ produced during respiration is used by the plants in photosynthesis. So, CO₂ is not released into the environment. The oxygen produced during photosynthesis, is released into air through stomata.
Now, try to understand that – at night, when there is no photosynthesis process is happen, no oxygen is released. Also, CO₂ produced during respiration is not used by the plants. So, it is released in the air.
Connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery, as opposed to connecting them in series, offers several advantages: A) Independent Operation: Parallel Connection: In a parallel connection, each electrical device has its own separate path to the battery. This means that devices operate indeRead more
Connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery, as opposed to connecting them in series, offers several advantages:
A) Independent Operation:
Parallel Connection: In a parallel connection, each electrical device has its own separate path to the battery. This means that devices operate independently of each other. If one device fails or is removed, it does not affect the operation of the other devices.
Series Connection: In a series connection, devices are connected end-to-end, forming a single loop. If one device fails in a series circuit, it can break the entire circuit, and all devices in the series may cease to function.
B) Voltage Across Devices:
Parallel Connection: Devices in parallel receive the full voltage of the battery. Each device maintains the same voltage across its terminals as the battery voltage. This is advantageous when different devices require different operating voltages.
Series Connection: In a series connection, the total voltage is distributed among the devices. Each device receives a portion of the total voltage. If devices have different voltage requirements, a series connection may not be suitable.
C) Increased Current Handling Capacity:
Parallel Connection: The total current supplied by the battery is shared among the devices connected in parallel. This can be advantageous when multiple devices collectively require a higher current than the battery could provide individually. Parallel connections allow for increased overall current handling capacity.
Series Connection: In a series connection, the same current flows through all devices. If one device has a lower current rating, it limits the overall current that can pass through the circuit. This may lead to issues if one device requires more current than the others.
D) Redundancy and Reliability:
Parallel Connection: The redundancy in a parallel connection ensures that if one device fails, the others continue to operate. This contributes to the reliability of the system, making it less prone to complete failure.
Series Connection: The failure of one device in a series circuit can disrupt the entire circuit, reducing overall reliability. The reliability of a series circuit is only as strong as its weakest component.
In summary, connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery provides independence, ensures that each device receives the full voltage, allows for increased current handling capacity, and enhances system reliability through redundancy. These advantages make parallel connections suitable for various applications where devices need to operate independently or have different voltage and current requirements.
Environmental Cue – In some animals, the temperature at which fertilized eggs are kept determines whether the developing animal in egg is male or female. In others some animals like snail, individual can change sex. Genetical Cue – A child who inherits an x chromosome from her father will be a girlRead more
Environmental Cue – In some animals, the temperature at which fertilized eggs are kept determines whether the developing animal in egg is male or female. In others some animals like snail, individual can change sex.
Genetical Cue – A child who inherits an x chromosome from her father will be a girl and one who inherits a y chromosome from the father will be a boy.
Large jar filled with water, oxygen, food and aquatic plants and animals. • Oxygen/oxygen pump. • Fish food. • Aquatic plants/Producers provide O2 during photosynthesis. • Aquatic animals/Consumers release CO2 for the process of photosynthesis. • Decomposers are also important for natural cleaning oRead more
Large jar filled with water, oxygen, food and aquatic plants and animals.
• Oxygen/oxygen pump.
• Fish food.
• Aquatic plants/Producers provide O2 during photosynthesis.
• Aquatic animals/Consumers release CO2 for the process of photosynthesis.
• Decomposers are also important for natural cleaning of the aquarium.
Two major forces help in the transport of water in a plant. Force A is the driving force in the movement of water during the day, whereas force B helps the movement of water in a plant during the night or during the day when humidity is very high. (a) Identify force A and force B. (b) Describe how each of these forces helps in the movement of water in a plant.
(a) Force A: Transpiration pull is the driving force in the movement of water during the day. Transpiration is the process by which water is evaporated from the stomata of plant leaves, creating a negative pressure that pulls water upward through the xylem vessels. Force B: Root pressure is the forcRead more
(a)
Force A: Transpiration pull is the driving force in the movement of water during the day. Transpiration is the process by which water is evaporated from the stomata of plant leaves, creating a negative pressure that pulls water upward through the xylem vessels.
Force B: Root pressure is the force that helps the movement of water in a plant during the night or during the day when humidity is very high. Root pressure is the pressure exerted by the roots that forces water up the stem, even against gravity.
(b)
1. Transpiration Pull (Force A):
Description: Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems, and flowers.
Mechanism: Water is absorbed by the roots from the soil and transported up to the leaves through the xylem vessels. As water evaporates from the stomata on the surface of leaves, it creates a negative pressure or tension in the xylem, leading to a suction force known as transpiration pull. This force helps to pull water upward, against gravity, from the roots to the leaves. It also helps in the ascent of minerals and nutrients dissolved in water.
2. Root Pressure (Force B):
Description: Root pressure is the pressure developed in the roots due to active absorption of ions from the soil and their accumulation in the root cells.
Mechanism: During the night or when transpiration is low, the roots continue to actively absorb mineral ions from the soil. These ions accumulate in the root cells, creating a higher concentration of solutes. Water then moves into the roots from the soil to balance this increased solute concentration, creating positive pressure known as root pressure. This pressure helps to push water up the stem and into the xylem vessels, aiding in the movement of water. Root pressure is particularly significant in certain plant species and under conditions of high soil moisture or during the night when transpiration is reduced.
In summary, transpiration pull (force A) is the primary force responsible for water movement during the day, driven by the evaporation of water from the leaves. Root pressure (force B) contributes to water movement during the night or when humidity is high, driven by the active absorption of ions by the roots and the resulting increase in solute concentration.
See lessThe Thermit process is used for repairing cracks in railway tracks on site. (a) Write the equation for the reaction taking place in the process, mentioning the physical states of the reactants and products. (b) What information in the chemical equation indicates that the reaction is exothermic?
(a) The Thermit process involves a thermite reaction, typically between iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) and aluminium (Al). The reaction is as follows: Fe2O3 (s) + 2Al (s) → 2Fe (l) + Al2O3 (s) Explanation, In this equation, we get that: Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) is a solid. Aluminium (Al) is a solid. Iron (FRead more
(a) The Thermit process involves a thermite reaction, typically between iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) and aluminium (Al). The reaction is as follows:
Fe2O3 (s) + 2Al (s) → 2Fe (l) + Al2O3 (s)
Explanation, In this equation, we get that:
Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) is a solid.
Aluminium (Al) is a solid.
Iron (Fe) is in its liquid state.
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) is a solid.
The reaction produces molten iron and aluminium oxide as products.
(b) The information in the chemical equation that indicates the reaction is exothermic is the presence of the symbol “l” (liquid) next to the product “Fe” (iron). The formation of molten iron indicates that heat is released during the reaction, and the reaction is exothermic. The heat generated is often sufficient to cause the molten iron to be in a liquid state. In Additionally, the release of heat is evident in the overall exothermic nature of the Thermit process, which is commonly used for tasks like welding or repairing cracks in railway tracks on site.
See lessA plant X was enclosed in a glass jar with some lizards. A similar plant Y was enclosed in another glass jar but without lizards. Both the jars are kept under the same light conditions for a few hours. Which plant is likely to photosynthesize more and why?
In the scenario you described, where Plant X is enclosed in a glass jar with lizards and Plant Y is enclosed in another glass jar without lizards, it is likely that Plant Y will photosynthesize more. Here's the reasoning: 1. Lizard Activity: Lizards are not typically involved in the process of photoRead more
In the scenario you described, where Plant X is enclosed in a glass jar with lizards and Plant Y is enclosed in another glass jar without lizards, it is likely that Plant Y will photosynthesize more. Here’s the reasoning:
1. Lizard Activity: Lizards are not typically involved in the process of photosynthesis. In fact, they might have a negative impact on Plant X due to the potential for physical damage or disturbance to the plant. Lizards are more likely to consume insects or other prey rather than contribute to the photosynthetic process of the plant.
2. Photosynthesis Interruption: The presence of lizards in the jar with Plant X may lead to disturbances, such as movement or other activities of the lizards, which could interrupt the photosynthetic process. Photosynthesis requires a stable environment with access to light, carbon dioxide, and water. Any disruption to these conditions may hinder the efficiency of photosynthesis.
3. Controlled Environment: Plant Y, being in a jar without lizards, is more likely to have a controlled and undisturbed environment. This can allow the plant to undergo photosynthesis without external interference, resulting in a potentially higher rate of photosynthesis compared to Plant X.
4. No Mutualistic Relationship: Unlike certain symbiotic relationships in nature where certain animals contribute to the well-being of plants (e.g., pollinators or seed dispersers), there is typically no mutualistic relationship between lizards and plants involving photosynthesis. Therefore, the presence of lizards is not expected to enhance the photosynthetic activity of the plant.
In summary, Plant Y is likely to photosynthesize more effectively under the given conditions due to the absence of potential disturbances caused by the presence of lizards. Plant X, in the jar with lizards, may experience disruptions that could affect its photosynthetic efficiency.
See lessRavi cultivated mustard, a plant with bisexual flowers, on his farm. His plants were diseased due to a gene defect and therefore had reduced yield. Ravi removed the stamens from the diseased plants and also planted fresh disease-free mustard plants where he removed the pistils. How will Ravi’s strategy help in improving the yield of mustard?
• Ravi made the bisexual flower unisexual thereby encouraging crosspollination instead of self-pollination. • Cross-pollination will increase variation and thereby the chances of having more disease-free offspring
• Ravi made the bisexual flower unisexual thereby encouraging crosspollination instead of self-pollination.
See less• Cross-pollination will increase variation and thereby the chances of having more disease-free offspring
In animals, hormones can be secreted by one organ and can act on multiple organs. Justify this statement by explaining the effect of a single animal hormone on three organs.
• Adrenaline induces the sweat glands to produce more sweat. • It acts on the heart to increase the contraction of its muscles/pumping causing improved oxygen delivery. • It acts on blood vessels of the digestive system constricting them.
• Adrenaline induces the sweat glands to produce more sweat.
See less• It acts on the heart to increase the contraction of its muscles/pumping causing improved oxygen delivery.
• It acts on blood vessels of the digestive system constricting them.
“All plants give out oxygen during day and carbon dioxide during night”. Do you agree with this statement? Give reason.
Yes, the statement is correct. Plants respire throughout the whole day, while photosynthesis process takes place only in the presence of sunlight. In daytime, CO₂ produced during respiration is used by the plants in photosynthesis. So, CO₂ is not released into the environment. The oxygen produced duRead more
Yes, the statement is correct. Plants respire throughout the whole day, while photosynthesis process takes place only in the presence of sunlight. In daytime, CO₂ produced during respiration is used by the plants in photosynthesis. So, CO₂ is not released into the environment. The oxygen produced during photosynthesis, is released into air through stomata.
See lessNow, try to understand that – at night, when there is no photosynthesis process is happen, no oxygen is released. Also, CO₂ produced during respiration is not used by the plants. So, it is released in the air.
What are the advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel with the battery instead of connecting them in series?
Connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery, as opposed to connecting them in series, offers several advantages: A) Independent Operation: Parallel Connection: In a parallel connection, each electrical device has its own separate path to the battery. This means that devices operate indeRead more
Connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery, as opposed to connecting them in series, offers several advantages:
A) Independent Operation:
Parallel Connection: In a parallel connection, each electrical device has its own separate path to the battery. This means that devices operate independently of each other. If one device fails or is removed, it does not affect the operation of the other devices.
Series Connection: In a series connection, devices are connected end-to-end, forming a single loop. If one device fails in a series circuit, it can break the entire circuit, and all devices in the series may cease to function.
B) Voltage Across Devices:
Parallel Connection: Devices in parallel receive the full voltage of the battery. Each device maintains the same voltage across its terminals as the battery voltage. This is advantageous when different devices require different operating voltages.
Series Connection: In a series connection, the total voltage is distributed among the devices. Each device receives a portion of the total voltage. If devices have different voltage requirements, a series connection may not be suitable.
C) Increased Current Handling Capacity:
Parallel Connection: The total current supplied by the battery is shared among the devices connected in parallel. This can be advantageous when multiple devices collectively require a higher current than the battery could provide individually. Parallel connections allow for increased overall current handling capacity.
Series Connection: In a series connection, the same current flows through all devices. If one device has a lower current rating, it limits the overall current that can pass through the circuit. This may lead to issues if one device requires more current than the others.
D) Redundancy and Reliability:
Parallel Connection: The redundancy in a parallel connection ensures that if one device fails, the others continue to operate. This contributes to the reliability of the system, making it less prone to complete failure.
Series Connection: The failure of one device in a series circuit can disrupt the entire circuit, reducing overall reliability. The reliability of a series circuit is only as strong as its weakest component.
In summary, connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery provides independence, ensures that each device receives the full voltage, allows for increased current handling capacity, and enhances system reliability through redundancy. These advantages make parallel connections suitable for various applications where devices need to operate independently or have different voltage and current requirements.
See lessDifferent species use different strategies to determine sex of a new born individual. It can be environmental cues or genetically determined”. Justify this statement giving reason/example.
Environmental Cue – In some animals, the temperature at which fertilized eggs are kept determines whether the developing animal in egg is male or female. In others some animals like snail, individual can change sex. Genetical Cue – A child who inherits an x chromosome from her father will be a girlRead more
Environmental Cue – In some animals, the temperature at which fertilized eggs are kept determines whether the developing animal in egg is male or female. In others some animals like snail, individual can change sex.
See lessGenetical Cue – A child who inherits an x chromosome from her father will be a girl and one who inherits a y chromosome from the father will be a boy.
How will you create an artificial aquatic ecosystem, which is self-sustainable?
Large jar filled with water, oxygen, food and aquatic plants and animals. • Oxygen/oxygen pump. • Fish food. • Aquatic plants/Producers provide O2 during photosynthesis. • Aquatic animals/Consumers release CO2 for the process of photosynthesis. • Decomposers are also important for natural cleaning oRead more
Large jar filled with water, oxygen, food and aquatic plants and animals.
See less• Oxygen/oxygen pump.
• Fish food.
• Aquatic plants/Producers provide O2 during photosynthesis.
• Aquatic animals/Consumers release CO2 for the process of photosynthesis.
• Decomposers are also important for natural cleaning of the aquarium.
List any two observations when Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO₄) is heated in a dry test tube?
• light green color changes to reddish-browny color • Colorless gas is evolved • Gas with choking smell is evolved
• light green color changes to reddish-browny color
See less• Colorless gas is evolved
• Gas with choking smell is evolved