1. The relation between resonance time and volume of a hall has been propounded by [C] Sabine. Wallace Clement Sabine, an American physicist and pioneer in architectural acoustics, developed a formula to calculate the reverberation time in a room. This formula considers the volume of the room, the surfRead more

    The relation between resonance time and volume of a hall has been propounded by [C] Sabine. Wallace Clement Sabine, an American physicist and pioneer in architectural acoustics, developed a formula to calculate the reverberation time in a room. This formula considers the volume of the room, the surface area, and the absorption coefficients of materials used in the room’s construction.

    Sabine’s work revolutionized architectural acoustics by providing a quantitative method to predict and control reverberation characteristics in spaces. His formula is essential for designing auditoriums, concert halls, and other venues where optimal acoustics are critical for speech intelligibility, musical clarity, and overall sound quality.

    While options [A] (Doppler), [B] (Newton), and [D] (Laplace) contributed significantly to various fields of science, Sabine’s contribution specifically addressed the acoustic properties of enclosed spaces, shaping modern architectural practices in acoustical design.

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  2. Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) is primarily used by [D] navigators. It is an essential technology for underwater navigation and detection of objects submerged in water. Sonar systems emit pulses of sound waves that travel through water, reflecting off objects and returning to the source. By anRead more

    Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) is primarily used by [D] navigators. It is an essential technology for underwater navigation and detection of objects submerged in water. Sonar systems emit pulses of sound waves that travel through water, reflecting off objects and returning to the source. By analyzing the time delay and characteristics of these sound waves, sonar operators can determine the distance, size, and sometimes the composition of underwater objects.

    Sonar finds extensive application in maritime industries, including naval operations for submarine detection, commercial shipping for navigation and collision avoidance, fisheries for locating fish shoals, and underwater mapping for geological and environmental surveys. Its ability to operate effectively in underwater environments where light and electromagnetic waves cannot propagate makes sonar indispensable for underwater exploration and navigation. Thus, navigators primarily use sonar to enhance safety and efficiency in maritime operations.

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  3. The stethoscope operates based on the principle of [A] reflection of sound. When the chest piece is placed on the patient's body, it collects sound waves generated by the heart, lungs, or other internal organs. These waves travel through the tubing to the earpieces, where they are amplified and tranRead more

    The stethoscope operates based on the principle of [A] reflection of sound. When the chest piece is placed on the patient’s body, it collects sound waves generated by the heart, lungs, or other internal organs. These waves travel through the tubing to the earpieces, where they are amplified and transmitted to the listener’s ears.

    Reflection of sound waves from the body’s internal organs allows healthcare providers to hear distinct sounds such as heartbeat rhythms, breathing patterns, and abnormal lung or bowel sounds. By focusing on capturing and transmitting these reflections effectively, the stethoscope aids in diagnosing medical conditions and monitoring patients’ health.

    While refraction (option [B]), diffraction (option [C]), and polarization (option [D]) involve other properties of waves, reflection specifically enables the stethoscope to function as a critical tool in auscultation and medical examination. Thus, reflection of sound is essential to how a stethoscope operates.

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  4. To hear their echo distinctly, a person should stand approximately [C] 28 feet from a reflecting plane. This distance is crucial because it allows enough time for sound waves emitted by the person to travel to the reflecting surface and back, creating a perceptible delay between the original sound aRead more

    To hear their echo distinctly, a person should stand approximately [C] 28 feet from a reflecting plane. This distance is crucial because it allows enough time for sound waves emitted by the person to travel to the reflecting surface and back, creating a perceptible delay between the original sound and its reflected echo.

    The specific distance of 28 feet is based on the speed of sound in air (~343 meters per second or ~1125 feet per second at room temperature). Therefore, sound travels approximately 28 feet in 1/10 of a second, which is the minimum time interval typically required for a clear echo to be perceived by the human ear.

    Understanding the distance for hearing echoes helps in practical applications such as acoustic design, outdoor activities, and safety in environments where sound reflection may affect communication and perception. Thus, the correct answer for hearing an echo is [C] 28 feet.

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  5. Sound waves produce echo primarily due to [C] reflection. When sound travels and encounters a sufficiently large and hard surface, such as a solid wall, mountain, or canyon wall, it reflects off the surface rather than passing through it or bending (refraction and diffraction). The reflection of souRead more

    Sound waves produce echo primarily due to [C] reflection. When sound travels and encounters a sufficiently large and hard surface, such as a solid wall, mountain, or canyon wall, it reflects off the surface rather than passing through it or bending (refraction and diffraction).

    The reflection of sound waves causes them to bounce back towards the source or in other directions, depending on the angle of incidence and the surface characteristics. If the distance to the reflecting surface is significant enough, the reflected sound waves return to the listener’s ears after a noticeable delay, creating the perceptible phenomenon known as an echo.

    Understanding the process of reflection and its role in producing echoes is essential for designing spaces, conducting acoustic measurements, and studying sound propagation in various environments, from natural landscapes to built structures.

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