In the scenario you described, where Plant X is enclosed in a glass jar with lizards and Plant Y is enclosed in another glass jar without lizards, it is likely that Plant Y will photosynthesize more. Here's the reasoning: 1. Lizard Activity: Lizards are not typically involved in the process of photoRead more
In the scenario you described, where Plant X is enclosed in a glass jar with lizards and Plant Y is enclosed in another glass jar without lizards, it is likely that Plant Y will photosynthesize more. Here’s the reasoning:
1. Lizard Activity: Lizards are not typically involved in the process of photosynthesis. In fact, they might have a negative impact on Plant X due to the potential for physical damage or disturbance to the plant. Lizards are more likely to consume insects or other prey rather than contribute to the photosynthetic process of the plant.
2. Photosynthesis Interruption: The presence of lizards in the jar with Plant X may lead to disturbances, such as movement or other activities of the lizards, which could interrupt the photosynthetic process. Photosynthesis requires a stable environment with access to light, carbon dioxide, and water. Any disruption to these conditions may hinder the efficiency of photosynthesis.
3. Controlled Environment: Plant Y, being in a jar without lizards, is more likely to have a controlled and undisturbed environment. This can allow the plant to undergo photosynthesis without external interference, resulting in a potentially higher rate of photosynthesis compared to Plant X.
4. No Mutualistic Relationship: Unlike certain symbiotic relationships in nature where certain animals contribute to the well-being of plants (e.g., pollinators or seed dispersers), there is typically no mutualistic relationship between lizards and plants involving photosynthesis. Therefore, the presence of lizards is not expected to enhance the photosynthetic activity of the plant.
In summary, Plant Y is likely to photosynthesize more effectively under the given conditions due to the absence of potential disturbances caused by the presence of lizards. Plant X, in the jar with lizards, may experience disruptions that could affect its photosynthetic efficiency.
• Ravi made the bisexual flower unisexual thereby encouraging crosspollination instead of self-pollination. • Cross-pollination will increase variation and thereby the chances of having more disease-free offspring
• Ravi made the bisexual flower unisexual thereby encouraging crosspollination instead of self-pollination.
• Cross-pollination will increase variation and thereby the chances of having more disease-free offspring
• Adrenaline induces the sweat glands to produce more sweat. • It acts on the heart to increase the contraction of its muscles/pumping causing improved oxygen delivery. • It acts on blood vessels of the digestive system constricting them.
• Adrenaline induces the sweat glands to produce more sweat.
• It acts on the heart to increase the contraction of its muscles/pumping causing improved oxygen delivery.
• It acts on blood vessels of the digestive system constricting them.
Yes, the statement is correct. Plants respire throughout the whole day, while photosynthesis process takes place only in the presence of sunlight. In daytime, CO₂ produced during respiration is used by the plants in photosynthesis. So, CO₂ is not released into the environment. The oxygen produced duRead more
Yes, the statement is correct. Plants respire throughout the whole day, while photosynthesis process takes place only in the presence of sunlight. In daytime, CO₂ produced during respiration is used by the plants in photosynthesis. So, CO₂ is not released into the environment. The oxygen produced during photosynthesis, is released into air through stomata.
Now, try to understand that – at night, when there is no photosynthesis process is happen, no oxygen is released. Also, CO₂ produced during respiration is not used by the plants. So, it is released in the air.
Connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery, as opposed to connecting them in series, offers several advantages: A) Independent Operation: Parallel Connection: In a parallel connection, each electrical device has its own separate path to the battery. This means that devices operate indeRead more
Connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery, as opposed to connecting them in series, offers several advantages:
A) Independent Operation:
Parallel Connection: In a parallel connection, each electrical device has its own separate path to the battery. This means that devices operate independently of each other. If one device fails or is removed, it does not affect the operation of the other devices.
Series Connection: In a series connection, devices are connected end-to-end, forming a single loop. If one device fails in a series circuit, it can break the entire circuit, and all devices in the series may cease to function.
B) Voltage Across Devices:
Parallel Connection: Devices in parallel receive the full voltage of the battery. Each device maintains the same voltage across its terminals as the battery voltage. This is advantageous when different devices require different operating voltages.
Series Connection: In a series connection, the total voltage is distributed among the devices. Each device receives a portion of the total voltage. If devices have different voltage requirements, a series connection may not be suitable.
C) Increased Current Handling Capacity:
Parallel Connection: The total current supplied by the battery is shared among the devices connected in parallel. This can be advantageous when multiple devices collectively require a higher current than the battery could provide individually. Parallel connections allow for increased overall current handling capacity.
Series Connection: In a series connection, the same current flows through all devices. If one device has a lower current rating, it limits the overall current that can pass through the circuit. This may lead to issues if one device requires more current than the others.
D) Redundancy and Reliability:
Parallel Connection: The redundancy in a parallel connection ensures that if one device fails, the others continue to operate. This contributes to the reliability of the system, making it less prone to complete failure.
Series Connection: The failure of one device in a series circuit can disrupt the entire circuit, reducing overall reliability. The reliability of a series circuit is only as strong as its weakest component.
In summary, connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery provides independence, ensures that each device receives the full voltage, allows for increased current handling capacity, and enhances system reliability through redundancy. These advantages make parallel connections suitable for various applications where devices need to operate independently or have different voltage and current requirements.
Environmental Cue – In some animals, the temperature at which fertilized eggs are kept determines whether the developing animal in egg is male or female. In others some animals like snail, individual can change sex. Genetical Cue – A child who inherits an x chromosome from her father will be a girlRead more
Environmental Cue – In some animals, the temperature at which fertilized eggs are kept determines whether the developing animal in egg is male or female. In others some animals like snail, individual can change sex.
Genetical Cue – A child who inherits an x chromosome from her father will be a girl and one who inherits a y chromosome from the father will be a boy.
Large jar filled with water, oxygen, food and aquatic plants and animals. • Oxygen/oxygen pump. • Fish food. • Aquatic plants/Producers provide O2 during photosynthesis. • Aquatic animals/Consumers release CO2 for the process of photosynthesis. • Decomposers are also important for natural cleaning oRead more
Large jar filled with water, oxygen, food and aquatic plants and animals.
• Oxygen/oxygen pump.
• Fish food.
• Aquatic plants/Producers provide O2 during photosynthesis.
• Aquatic animals/Consumers release CO2 for the process of photosynthesis.
• Decomposers are also important for natural cleaning of the aquarium.
The flow of energy between various or many components of the environment are: • Flow of energy is unidirectional. • about 1% of the Sun’s energy take Terrestrial plants and changes it to chemical energy. • A great energy is - lost as heat/ used for digestion/doing work/growth and reproduction. • AboRead more
The flow of energy between various or many components of the environment are:
• Flow of energy is unidirectional.
• about 1% of the Sun’s energy take Terrestrial plants and changes it to chemical energy.
• A great energy is – lost as heat/ used for digestion/doing work/growth and reproduction.
• About 10% of organic matter present at each trophic level (and available for next level of trophic).
• Food chains are mainly of 3 to 4 trophic levels (as because of 10% law) .
• The number of producers are maximum (the number reduces in subsequent trophic levels).
• Food webs are more common (as compared to isolated food chains).
• Biological magnification can be observed.
a) Experimental Demonstration of Heat Conduction in Metals: To experimentally demonstrate that metals are good conductors of heat, you can perform a simple heat conduction experiment using metal rods and a heat source. Here's a basic procedure: Materials: Metal rods of different materials (e.g., copRead more
a) Experimental Demonstration of Heat Conduction in Metals:
To experimentally demonstrate that metals are good conductors of heat, you can perform a simple heat conduction experiment using metal rods and a heat source. Here’s a basic procedure:
Materials:
Metal rods of different materials (e.g., copper, aluminum, iron)
Insulating materials (e.g., cork or wooden blocks)
Bunsen burner or any heat source
Wax or candle
Stopwatch or timer
Procedure:
1.Place the metal rods side by side on a heat-resistant surface.
2.Attach small pieces of wax or candles at equal distances along the length of each metal rod.
3.Insert the rods into insulating materials to fix them in place.
4.Heat one end of each metal rod simultaneously using a Bunsen burner or another heat source.
Observation:
1.Observe the melting of the wax on each metal rod.
2.Note the time it takes for the wax to melt along the length of each rod.
Explanation:
Metals will conduct heat efficiently, and you will observe that the wax melts rapidly along the length of the metal rods. This is because metals have high thermal conductivity, allowing them to transfer heat quickly through the material. The rod that conducts heat the fastest (wax melts quickly) indicates better heat conduction, demonstrating that metals are good conductors of heat.
b) Extraction of Mercury from Cinnabar (HgS):
Mercury is commonly extracted from its ore cinnabar (HgS) through a process called roasting followed by condensation. Here’s a simplified description of the extraction process:
1. Roasting:
Crush cinnabar ore (HgS) into a fine powder.
Heat the powdered ore strongly in the presence of air (roasting). The chemical reaction is as follows:
2HgS (s) + 3O2(g) → 2HgO(S) + 2SO2(g)
2. Condensation:
The roasted ore produces mercury oxide (HgO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2).
Collect the vapor of mercury oxide and pass it through a cooling system.
Mercury vapor condenses to form liquid mercury, leaving sulfur dioxide as a byproduct.
3. Purification:
The condensed liquid mercury may undergo additional purification processes to remove impurities, such as distillation.
Overall Reaction:
2HgO(s) + Heat → 2Hg(l) + O2(g)
Note: The extraction of mercury from cinnabar involves heating the ore in the presence of oxygen, converting cinnabar into mercury oxide and releasing sulfur dioxide.
The vapor of mercury oxide is then condensed to obtain liquid mercury.
It’s important to note that the extraction of mercury from cinnabar should be carried out with caution, considering the toxicity of mercury and the need for proper safety measures.
A plant X was enclosed in a glass jar with some lizards. A similar plant Y was enclosed in another glass jar but without lizards. Both the jars are kept under the same light conditions for a few hours. Which plant is likely to photosynthesize more and why?
In the scenario you described, where Plant X is enclosed in a glass jar with lizards and Plant Y is enclosed in another glass jar without lizards, it is likely that Plant Y will photosynthesize more. Here's the reasoning: 1. Lizard Activity: Lizards are not typically involved in the process of photoRead more
In the scenario you described, where Plant X is enclosed in a glass jar with lizards and Plant Y is enclosed in another glass jar without lizards, it is likely that Plant Y will photosynthesize more. Here’s the reasoning:
1. Lizard Activity: Lizards are not typically involved in the process of photosynthesis. In fact, they might have a negative impact on Plant X due to the potential for physical damage or disturbance to the plant. Lizards are more likely to consume insects or other prey rather than contribute to the photosynthetic process of the plant.
2. Photosynthesis Interruption: The presence of lizards in the jar with Plant X may lead to disturbances, such as movement or other activities of the lizards, which could interrupt the photosynthetic process. Photosynthesis requires a stable environment with access to light, carbon dioxide, and water. Any disruption to these conditions may hinder the efficiency of photosynthesis.
3. Controlled Environment: Plant Y, being in a jar without lizards, is more likely to have a controlled and undisturbed environment. This can allow the plant to undergo photosynthesis without external interference, resulting in a potentially higher rate of photosynthesis compared to Plant X.
4. No Mutualistic Relationship: Unlike certain symbiotic relationships in nature where certain animals contribute to the well-being of plants (e.g., pollinators or seed dispersers), there is typically no mutualistic relationship between lizards and plants involving photosynthesis. Therefore, the presence of lizards is not expected to enhance the photosynthetic activity of the plant.
In summary, Plant Y is likely to photosynthesize more effectively under the given conditions due to the absence of potential disturbances caused by the presence of lizards. Plant X, in the jar with lizards, may experience disruptions that could affect its photosynthetic efficiency.
See lessRavi cultivated mustard, a plant with bisexual flowers, on his farm. His plants were diseased due to a gene defect and therefore had reduced yield. Ravi removed the stamens from the diseased plants and also planted fresh disease-free mustard plants where he removed the pistils. How will Ravi’s strategy help in improving the yield of mustard?
• Ravi made the bisexual flower unisexual thereby encouraging crosspollination instead of self-pollination. • Cross-pollination will increase variation and thereby the chances of having more disease-free offspring
• Ravi made the bisexual flower unisexual thereby encouraging crosspollination instead of self-pollination.
See less• Cross-pollination will increase variation and thereby the chances of having more disease-free offspring
In animals, hormones can be secreted by one organ and can act on multiple organs. Justify this statement by explaining the effect of a single animal hormone on three organs.
• Adrenaline induces the sweat glands to produce more sweat. • It acts on the heart to increase the contraction of its muscles/pumping causing improved oxygen delivery. • It acts on blood vessels of the digestive system constricting them.
• Adrenaline induces the sweat glands to produce more sweat.
See less• It acts on the heart to increase the contraction of its muscles/pumping causing improved oxygen delivery.
• It acts on blood vessels of the digestive system constricting them.
“All plants give out oxygen during day and carbon dioxide during night”. Do you agree with this statement? Give reason.
Yes, the statement is correct. Plants respire throughout the whole day, while photosynthesis process takes place only in the presence of sunlight. In daytime, CO₂ produced during respiration is used by the plants in photosynthesis. So, CO₂ is not released into the environment. The oxygen produced duRead more
Yes, the statement is correct. Plants respire throughout the whole day, while photosynthesis process takes place only in the presence of sunlight. In daytime, CO₂ produced during respiration is used by the plants in photosynthesis. So, CO₂ is not released into the environment. The oxygen produced during photosynthesis, is released into air through stomata.
See lessNow, try to understand that – at night, when there is no photosynthesis process is happen, no oxygen is released. Also, CO₂ produced during respiration is not used by the plants. So, it is released in the air.
What are the advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel with the battery instead of connecting them in series?
Connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery, as opposed to connecting them in series, offers several advantages: A) Independent Operation: Parallel Connection: In a parallel connection, each electrical device has its own separate path to the battery. This means that devices operate indeRead more
Connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery, as opposed to connecting them in series, offers several advantages:
A) Independent Operation:
Parallel Connection: In a parallel connection, each electrical device has its own separate path to the battery. This means that devices operate independently of each other. If one device fails or is removed, it does not affect the operation of the other devices.
Series Connection: In a series connection, devices are connected end-to-end, forming a single loop. If one device fails in a series circuit, it can break the entire circuit, and all devices in the series may cease to function.
B) Voltage Across Devices:
Parallel Connection: Devices in parallel receive the full voltage of the battery. Each device maintains the same voltage across its terminals as the battery voltage. This is advantageous when different devices require different operating voltages.
Series Connection: In a series connection, the total voltage is distributed among the devices. Each device receives a portion of the total voltage. If devices have different voltage requirements, a series connection may not be suitable.
C) Increased Current Handling Capacity:
Parallel Connection: The total current supplied by the battery is shared among the devices connected in parallel. This can be advantageous when multiple devices collectively require a higher current than the battery could provide individually. Parallel connections allow for increased overall current handling capacity.
Series Connection: In a series connection, the same current flows through all devices. If one device has a lower current rating, it limits the overall current that can pass through the circuit. This may lead to issues if one device requires more current than the others.
D) Redundancy and Reliability:
Parallel Connection: The redundancy in a parallel connection ensures that if one device fails, the others continue to operate. This contributes to the reliability of the system, making it less prone to complete failure.
Series Connection: The failure of one device in a series circuit can disrupt the entire circuit, reducing overall reliability. The reliability of a series circuit is only as strong as its weakest component.
In summary, connecting electrical devices in parallel with a battery provides independence, ensures that each device receives the full voltage, allows for increased current handling capacity, and enhances system reliability through redundancy. These advantages make parallel connections suitable for various applications where devices need to operate independently or have different voltage and current requirements.
See lessDifferent species use different strategies to determine sex of a new born individual. It can be environmental cues or genetically determined”. Justify this statement giving reason/example.
Environmental Cue – In some animals, the temperature at which fertilized eggs are kept determines whether the developing animal in egg is male or female. In others some animals like snail, individual can change sex. Genetical Cue – A child who inherits an x chromosome from her father will be a girlRead more
Environmental Cue – In some animals, the temperature at which fertilized eggs are kept determines whether the developing animal in egg is male or female. In others some animals like snail, individual can change sex.
See lessGenetical Cue – A child who inherits an x chromosome from her father will be a girl and one who inherits a y chromosome from the father will be a boy.
How will you create an artificial aquatic ecosystem, which is self-sustainable?
Large jar filled with water, oxygen, food and aquatic plants and animals. • Oxygen/oxygen pump. • Fish food. • Aquatic plants/Producers provide O2 during photosynthesis. • Aquatic animals/Consumers release CO2 for the process of photosynthesis. • Decomposers are also important for natural cleaning oRead more
Large jar filled with water, oxygen, food and aquatic plants and animals.
See less• Oxygen/oxygen pump.
• Fish food.
• Aquatic plants/Producers provide O2 during photosynthesis.
• Aquatic animals/Consumers release CO2 for the process of photosynthesis.
• Decomposers are also important for natural cleaning of the aquarium.
List any two observations when Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO₄) is heated in a dry test tube?
• light green color changes to reddish-browny color • Colorless gas is evolved • Gas with choking smell is evolved
• light green color changes to reddish-browny color
See less• Colorless gas is evolved
• Gas with choking smell is evolved
The flow of energy between various or many components of the environment has been extensively studied. List four findings.
The flow of energy between various or many components of the environment are: • Flow of energy is unidirectional. • about 1% of the Sun’s energy take Terrestrial plants and changes it to chemical energy. • A great energy is - lost as heat/ used for digestion/doing work/growth and reproduction. • AboRead more
The flow of energy between various or many components of the environment are:
See less• Flow of energy is unidirectional.
• about 1% of the Sun’s energy take Terrestrial plants and changes it to chemical energy.
• A great energy is – lost as heat/ used for digestion/doing work/growth and reproduction.
• About 10% of organic matter present at each trophic level (and available for next level of trophic).
• Food chains are mainly of 3 to 4 trophic levels (as because of 10% law) .
• The number of producers are maximum (the number reduces in subsequent trophic levels).
• Food webs are more common (as compared to isolated food chains).
• Biological magnification can be observed.
a) How will you show experimentally that metals are good conductors of heat. b) Describe the extraction of Mercury metal from its ore Cinnabar (HgS).
a) Experimental Demonstration of Heat Conduction in Metals: To experimentally demonstrate that metals are good conductors of heat, you can perform a simple heat conduction experiment using metal rods and a heat source. Here's a basic procedure: Materials: Metal rods of different materials (e.g., copRead more
a) Experimental Demonstration of Heat Conduction in Metals:
To experimentally demonstrate that metals are good conductors of heat, you can perform a simple heat conduction experiment using metal rods and a heat source. Here’s a basic procedure:
Materials:
Metal rods of different materials (e.g., copper, aluminum, iron)
Insulating materials (e.g., cork or wooden blocks)
Bunsen burner or any heat source
Wax or candle
Stopwatch or timer
Procedure:
1.Place the metal rods side by side on a heat-resistant surface.
2.Attach small pieces of wax or candles at equal distances along the length of each metal rod.
3.Insert the rods into insulating materials to fix them in place.
4.Heat one end of each metal rod simultaneously using a Bunsen burner or another heat source.
Observation:
1.Observe the melting of the wax on each metal rod.
2.Note the time it takes for the wax to melt along the length of each rod.
Explanation:
Metals will conduct heat efficiently, and you will observe that the wax melts rapidly along the length of the metal rods. This is because metals have high thermal conductivity, allowing them to transfer heat quickly through the material. The rod that conducts heat the fastest (wax melts quickly) indicates better heat conduction, demonstrating that metals are good conductors of heat.
b) Extraction of Mercury from Cinnabar (HgS):
Mercury is commonly extracted from its ore cinnabar (HgS) through a process called roasting followed by condensation. Here’s a simplified description of the extraction process:
1. Roasting:
Crush cinnabar ore (HgS) into a fine powder.
Heat the powdered ore strongly in the presence of air (roasting). The chemical reaction is as follows:
2HgS (s) + 3O2(g) → 2HgO(S) + 2SO2(g)
2. Condensation:
The roasted ore produces mercury oxide (HgO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2).
Collect the vapor of mercury oxide and pass it through a cooling system.
Mercury vapor condenses to form liquid mercury, leaving sulfur dioxide as a byproduct.
3. Purification:
The condensed liquid mercury may undergo additional purification processes to remove impurities, such as distillation.
Overall Reaction:
2HgO(s) + Heat → 2Hg(l) + O2(g)
Note: The extraction of mercury from cinnabar involves heating the ore in the presence of oxygen, converting cinnabar into mercury oxide and releasing sulfur dioxide.
See lessThe vapor of mercury oxide is then condensed to obtain liquid mercury.
It’s important to note that the extraction of mercury from cinnabar should be carried out with caution, considering the toxicity of mercury and the need for proper safety measures.