A sound wave is created by a series of compressions and rarefactions in the air, caused by the rapid back-and-forth movement of a vibrating object.
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When the vibrating object moves backward, it creates a region of low pressure called a rarefaction.
When a vibrating object moves forward, it pushes and compresses the air in front of it, creating a region of high pressure called a compression.
Air is the most common medium through which sound travels.
Sound waves are classified as mechanical waves because they are characterized by the motion of particles in a medium.