Canal rays were positively charged radiations discovered by E. Goldstein in 1886 during gas discharge experiments.
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J.J. Thomson identified the electron, a sub-atomic particle with a negative charge, thus demonstrating that atoms were not indivisible but composed of smaller, charged particles.
Through experiments involving the behavior of charged objects, scientists inferred that atoms must contain charged particles. This understanding was further solidified by the discovery of sub-atomic particles like electrons and protons.
These experiments provided crucial evidence suggesting that atoms were not indivisible spheres but rather had internal structure, laying the foundation for further exploration into the nature of atomic particles and their properties.
The differences in conductivity among substances led scientists to hypothesize that atoms were composed of smaller particles with varying abilities to conduct electricity.