Cells require time to reset their mechanisms after generating and transmitting an electrical impulse, preventing continuous creation and transmission of such impulses.

Electrical impulses are rapid means of information transfer in animal bodies. Limitations include the constraint of reaching only connected cells through nervous tissue and the need for cells to reset before generating new impulses.

The sensitive plant exhibits quick movement in response to touch, sunflowers show relatively slow movement in response to day or night, and growth-related movements in plants are even slower.

‘Hydrotropism’ is the directional growth response of plants towards or away from water, and ‘chemotropism’ is the response to chemicals. An example of chemotropism is the growth of pollen tubes towards ovules.

Geotropism refers to the growth response of plant roots downward (positive geotropism) and shoots upward (negative geotropism) in alignment with the pull of gravity.