The ability of transition metals to adopt multiple oxidation states and form complexes underlies their catalytic activity. Examples include vanadium(V) oxide in the Contact Process, finely divided iron in Haber’s Process, and nickel in Catalytic Hydrogenation.

Catalysis at a solid surface, especially by first-row transition metals utilizing 3d and 4s electrons for bonding, involves the formation of bonds between reactant molecules and catalyst surface atoms. This increases reactant concentration at the catalyst surface and weakens bonds ...

Transition metal ions’ effectiveness as catalysts stems from their ability to change oxidation states, allowing them to participate in various reactions. For instance, iron(III) catalyzes reactions like the one between iodide and persulphate ions by leveraging its capacity to change ...

An alloy is a blend of metals formed by mixing components. Homogeneous solid solution alloys among transition metals are created when atoms with metallic radii within about 15 percent of each other are randomly distributed.

Transition metals readily form alloys due to similar radii and other characteristics. The resulting alloys are hard and often have high melting points, with ferrous alloys like chromium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, and manganese being well-known for their use in various ...