Compounds within a homologous series differ from each other by a constant molecular formula unit, typically a CH2 group, resulting in differences in molecular size and mass. However, they share similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same ...

Examples of compounds in a homologous series with an alcohol functional group include methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), propanol (C3H7OH), and butanol (C4H9OH).

The presence of a functional group in a homologous series dictates the chemical properties of the compounds, regardless of the length of the carbon chain. For example, compounds with an alcohol functional group (-OH) exhibit similar chemical properties, such as ...

Functional groups are identified by their characteristic arrangements of atoms and are often named based on the atoms they contain. For example, the hydroxyl group (-OH) is named based on the presence of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen ...

Heteroatoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or halogens, replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain within functional groups. These heteroatoms introduce different chemical properties and reactivities into the molecule, contributing to the diversity of organic compounds.

Shared electrons create a stable configuration for each atom involved in the bond, leading to the stability of the molecule as a whole.