Organisms that ingest whole material typically have specialized digestive systems that break down the food internally through processes like mechanical digestion and enzymatic degradation, allowing nutrients to be absorbed and utilized.

Parasitic nutritive strategy involves deriving nutrition from other organisms without killing them. Examples include parasites such as the cuscuta (amar-bel), ticks, lice, leeches, and tapeworms, which feed off the host organism’s resources without necessarily causing immediate death.

Organisms that ingest whole material typically have specialized digestive systems that break down the food internally through processes like mechanical digestion and enzymatic degradation, allowing nutrients to be absorbed and utilized.

Fungi like bread molds, yeast, and mushrooms are examples of organisms that break down food material externally through enzymatic action before absorbing nutrients.

Cows, as herbivores, have specialized digestive systems capable of efficiently breaking down plant material, while lions, as carnivores, have adaptations for hunting and consuming animal prey, such as sharp teeth and powerful jaws.

The type and availability of food material in an organism’s environment play a significant role in determining its form of nutrition. Factors such as whether the food source is stationary or mobile can influence how the organism accesses and utilizes ...

The ability to regulate stomatal opening and closing allows plants to optimize gas exchange while minimizing water loss, thereby helping them adapt to varying environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and water availability.