(a) Mahatma Gandhi's dream was to clothe the whole nation in khadi. He felt khadi would be a means of erasing difference between religions and classes. But in practice, it was not possible for many people to follow his footsteps. It was difficult to achieve such a unity as desired by Mahalma Gandhi.Read more
(a) Mahatma Gandhi’s dream was to clothe the whole nation in khadi. He felt khadi would be a means of erasing difference between religions and classes. But in practice, it was not possible for many people to follow his footsteps. It was difficult to achieve such a unity as desired by Mahalma Gandhi. Not many could take to the single peasant loincloth as is clear from their responses mentioned below:
(i) Nationalists such as Motilal Nehru, gave up his expensive Western-style suits and adopted the Indian dhoti and kurta. But these were not made of coarse cloth.
(ii) Babasaheb Ambedkar never gave up the Western-style suit. Many dalits began in the early 1910s to wear three-piece suits, and shoes and socks on all public occasion, as a political statement of sell-respect.
(iii). A woman from Maharashtra wrote to Mahatma Gandhi that in response to call, she had adopted wearing khadi but for poor people like her it was costly.
(iv) Sarojini Naidu and Kamala Nehru, wore coloured saris with designs, instead of
coarse. white homespun.
(b) The reasons, therefore, for not using Khadi by all can be summed up as given below:
(i) Expensive than mill-made cloth.
(ii) Difficult to obtain in remote places.
(iii) Attraction of Western-style clothing to groups of dalit converts of Christianity.
(iv) Strict social codes dress.
(v) The areas where national activities were negligible.
(a) Mahatma Gandhi made various experiment with clothing He wore a shirt with a dhoti or payjma ( Gujarati boys), Western suit (law student in London). Lungi and kurta (in Johannesburg) Kathiawadi peasant (in 1915 India) and short dhoti (1921), the form of dress He wore until his death. Mahatma GandRead more
(a) Mahatma Gandhi made various experiment with clothing He wore a shirt with a
dhoti or payjma ( Gujarati boys), Western suit (law student in London). Lungi and kurta (in Johannesburg) Kathiawadi peasant (in 1915 India) and short dhoti (1921), the form of dress He wore until his death. Mahatma Gandhi was a lawyer by profession who was fighting for the freedom of India against British Empire by using the weapons of non-violence and Sotyagraha. He wore the short dhoti without a shirt when he went to England for the Round Table Conference in 1931. As Mahatma Gandhi wore short dhoti, Winston Churchill was provoked to pass such a comment.
(b) Mahatma Gandhi consciously rejected the well-known clothes of the Indian ascetic and adapted the dress of the perfect Indian. Khadi, white and coarse, was to him a sign of purity, of simplicity, and of poverty. Wearing it became also a symbol of nationalism, a rejection of Western mill-made cloth.
(a) : The women in the nineteenth century India continued wearing traditional Indian dress because they were conservative Some people among the upper-classes opposed it C. Kesavan’s autobiography Jeevita Samaram recalls his mother-in-law's first encounter with a blouse gifted by her sister-in-law inRead more
(a) : The women in the nineteenth century India continued wearing traditional Indian dress because they were conservative Some people among the upper-classes opposed it C. Kesavan’s autobiography Jeevita Samaram recalls his mother-in-law’s first encounter with a blouse gifted by her sister-in-law in the late nineteenth century. In the encounter, she was told, “Take it off…. you want to walk around an unlike Muslim women?”
(ii) The women were confined to within the four walls of the house. They did not go out to work in offices. Their dress particularly sarees were comfortable. Attempts at devising a pan. Indian style also did not fully succed. Women of Gujarat Kodagu Kerala and Assam continued to wear different types of sari.
(iii) The caste system too restricted them to wear traditional dresses. It defined what subordinate and dominant caste Hindis should wear and eat. Changes in clothing styles, particularly among women, that threatened the norms often created violent social reactions as in the case of Shanar caste.
(b) status of women was low in the solely. There was gender inequality in India. Their sphere of duty was their home and lock after their children and other members of the Family. They were symbol of sacrifice and suffering who did everything for the welfare all the family. Their condition was miserable.
Two examples of the ways in which European dress aides were different from Indian dress codes are is given below: (i) Turban and hat: The turban in India was not just for protection from the heat but was a sign of respectability, and could not be removed at will. In the European tradition, the bat hRead more
Two examples of the ways in which European dress aides were different from Indian dress codes are is given below:
(i) Turban and hat: The turban in India was not just for protection from the heat but was a sign of respectability, and could not be removed at will. In the European tradition, the bat had to be be moved before social superiors on Sun of respect. The British were often offended Indians did not take off their turban when they met colonial officials Many Indians on the other hand wore the turban lo consciously assert their regional or national identity
(ii) Wearing of shoes : At the beginning of the nineteenth century it was customary for British officials to follow Indian etiquette and remove their footwear in the courts of ruling kings or chiefs. In India, some British officials also won Indian clothes. In 1830, European were forbidden from wearing Indian clothes at official functions, so that the cultural identity of the white masters was not undermined. However, at the same time, the Indians were expected
to wear Indian clothes to office and follow their dress codes. In 1924-28. Governor General Amherst insisted that Indians should take off their shoes of a sign of respect when they appeared before him, but this Was not followed strictly Lord Dalhousie made ‘shoe respect’ stricter and Indians were made to take all their class when entering any government institution only those who wore European clothes were exempted from the rule This led lot a controversy. In 1862. Manockjee Cowasjee Entee, assessor in the Surat Fouzdaree Adawlut, refusd obey the shoe respect rule and was barred entry into the courtroom. The Indian- had scaled
that the taking, off shoes in place or home was due to two reasons: One the problem of me dirt an filthy has collected by the shoes on the road and secondly, the dirt and filth might lead pollution. The public buildings were differnt from sacred place and home, so shoe respect’ could not be obeyed. But it took many years before shoes were permitted into the courtroom.
(a) The sumptuary laws were the dress codes in France at the time of French Revolution. From about 1294, the people were expected to strictly follow these laws. The laws tried to control the behaviour of social inferiors, preventing them from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beveRead more
(a) The sumptuary laws were the dress codes in France at the time of French Revolution. From about 1294, the people were expected to strictly follow these laws. The laws tried to control the behaviour of social inferiors, preventing them from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beverages and hunting game in certain arese.
(b) Restrictions as mentioned below were imposed on certain classes:
(i) Only royalty could wear expensive materials like ermine and fur, or silk, velvet and brocade Other classes were debarred from clothing themselves with materials that were associated with the aristocracy.
(ii) The inferiors were debarred from hunting in certain areas. The French Revolution ended these restrictions Thus, in short, sumptuary laws were used to maintain social hierarchy.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi’s dream of clothing the nation in khadi appeal only to some sections of Indians?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi's dream was to clothe the whole nation in khadi. He felt khadi would be a means of erasing difference between religions and classes. But in practice, it was not possible for many people to follow his footsteps. It was difficult to achieve such a unity as desired by Mahalma Gandhi.Read more
(a) Mahatma Gandhi’s dream was to clothe the whole nation in khadi. He felt khadi would be a means of erasing difference between religions and classes. But in practice, it was not possible for many people to follow his footsteps. It was difficult to achieve such a unity as desired by Mahalma Gandhi. Not many could take to the single peasant loincloth as is clear from their responses mentioned below:
See less(i) Nationalists such as Motilal Nehru, gave up his expensive Western-style suits and adopted the Indian dhoti and kurta. But these were not made of coarse cloth.
(ii) Babasaheb Ambedkar never gave up the Western-style suit. Many dalits began in the early 1910s to wear three-piece suits, and shoes and socks on all public occasion, as a political statement of sell-respect.
(iii). A woman from Maharashtra wrote to Mahatma Gandhi that in response to call, she had adopted wearing khadi but for poor people like her it was costly.
(iv) Sarojini Naidu and Kamala Nehru, wore coloured saris with designs, instead of
coarse. white homespun.
(b) The reasons, therefore, for not using Khadi by all can be summed up as given below:
(i) Expensive than mill-made cloth.
(ii) Difficult to obtain in remote places.
(iii) Attraction of Western-style clothing to groups of dalit converts of Christianity.
(iv) Strict social codes dress.
(v) The areas where national activities were negligible.
Winston Churchill described Mahatma Gandhi as a ‘seditious Middle Temple Lawyer’ now “posing is a half naked fakir. What provoked such a comment and what does it tell you about the symbolic strength of Mahatma Gandhi’s dress?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi made various experiment with clothing He wore a shirt with a dhoti or payjma ( Gujarati boys), Western suit (law student in London). Lungi and kurta (in Johannesburg) Kathiawadi peasant (in 1915 India) and short dhoti (1921), the form of dress He wore until his death. Mahatma GandRead more
(a) Mahatma Gandhi made various experiment with clothing He wore a shirt with a
See lessdhoti or payjma ( Gujarati boys), Western suit (law student in London). Lungi and kurta (in Johannesburg) Kathiawadi peasant (in 1915 India) and short dhoti (1921), the form of dress He wore until his death. Mahatma Gandhi was a lawyer by profession who was fighting for the freedom of India against British Empire by using the weapons of non-violence and Sotyagraha. He wore the short dhoti without a shirt when he went to England for the Round Table Conference in 1931. As Mahatma Gandhi wore short dhoti, Winston Churchill was provoked to pass such a comment.
(b) Mahatma Gandhi consciously rejected the well-known clothes of the Indian ascetic and adapted the dress of the perfect Indian. Khadi, white and coarse, was to him a sign of purity, of simplicity, and of poverty. Wearing it became also a symbol of nationalism, a rejection of Western mill-made cloth.
Suggest reasons why women in the nineteenth century India were obliged to continue wearing traditional Indian dress even when men switched over to the more convenient Western clothing. What does this show about the position of women in society?
(a) : The women in the nineteenth century India continued wearing traditional Indian dress because they were conservative Some people among the upper-classes opposed it C. Kesavan’s autobiography Jeevita Samaram recalls his mother-in-law's first encounter with a blouse gifted by her sister-in-law inRead more
(a) : The women in the nineteenth century India continued wearing traditional Indian dress because they were conservative Some people among the upper-classes opposed it C. Kesavan’s autobiography Jeevita Samaram recalls his mother-in-law’s first encounter with a blouse gifted by her sister-in-law in the late nineteenth century. In the encounter, she was told, “Take it off…. you want to walk around an unlike Muslim women?”
See less(ii) The women were confined to within the four walls of the house. They did not go out to work in offices. Their dress particularly sarees were comfortable. Attempts at devising a pan. Indian style also did not fully succed. Women of Gujarat Kodagu Kerala and Assam continued to wear different types of sari.
(iii) The caste system too restricted them to wear traditional dresses. It defined what subordinate and dominant caste Hindis should wear and eat. Changes in clothing styles, particularly among women, that threatened the norms often created violent social reactions as in the case of Shanar caste.
(b) status of women was low in the solely. There was gender inequality in India. Their sphere of duty was their home and lock after their children and other members of the Family. They were symbol of sacrifice and suffering who did everything for the welfare all the family. Their condition was miserable.
Give any two examples of the ways in which European dress codes were different from Indian dress codes.
Two examples of the ways in which European dress aides were different from Indian dress codes are is given below: (i) Turban and hat: The turban in India was not just for protection from the heat but was a sign of respectability, and could not be removed at will. In the European tradition, the bat hRead more
Two examples of the ways in which European dress aides were different from Indian dress codes are is given below:
See less(i) Turban and hat: The turban in India was not just for protection from the heat but was a sign of respectability, and could not be removed at will. In the European tradition, the bat had to be be moved before social superiors on Sun of respect. The British were often offended Indians did not take off their turban when they met colonial officials Many Indians on the other hand wore the turban lo consciously assert their regional or national identity
(ii) Wearing of shoes : At the beginning of the nineteenth century it was customary for British officials to follow Indian etiquette and remove their footwear in the courts of ruling kings or chiefs. In India, some British officials also won Indian clothes. In 1830, European were forbidden from wearing Indian clothes at official functions, so that the cultural identity of the white masters was not undermined. However, at the same time, the Indians were expected
to wear Indian clothes to office and follow their dress codes. In 1924-28. Governor General Amherst insisted that Indians should take off their shoes of a sign of respect when they appeared before him, but this Was not followed strictly Lord Dalhousie made ‘shoe respect’ stricter and Indians were made to take all their class when entering any government institution only those who wore European clothes were exempted from the rule This led lot a controversy. In 1862. Manockjee Cowasjee Entee, assessor in the Surat Fouzdaree Adawlut, refusd obey the shoe respect rule and was barred entry into the courtroom. The Indian- had scaled
that the taking, off shoes in place or home was due to two reasons: One the problem of me dirt an filthy has collected by the shoes on the road and secondly, the dirt and filth might lead pollution. The public buildings were differnt from sacred place and home, so shoe respect’ could not be obeyed. But it took many years before shoes were permitted into the courtroom.
What were the sumptuary laws in France?
(a) The sumptuary laws were the dress codes in France at the time of French Revolution. From about 1294, the people were expected to strictly follow these laws. The laws tried to control the behaviour of social inferiors, preventing them from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beveRead more
(a) The sumptuary laws were the dress codes in France at the time of French Revolution. From about 1294, the people were expected to strictly follow these laws. The laws tried to control the behaviour of social inferiors, preventing them from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beverages and hunting game in certain arese.
See less(b) Restrictions as mentioned below were imposed on certain classes:
(i) Only royalty could wear expensive materials like ermine and fur, or silk, velvet and brocade Other classes were debarred from clothing themselves with materials that were associated with the aristocracy.
(ii) The inferiors were debarred from hunting in certain areas. The French Revolution ended these restrictions Thus, in short, sumptuary laws were used to maintain social hierarchy.