India is a secular state. It observes an attitude of neutrality and impartiality towards all religions. Although the right to freedom of religion has been included under the right to freedom but the Constitution makers were very particular about it. So they have mentioned it separately as well. TheRead more
India is a secular state. It observes an attitude of neutrality and impartiality towards all religions. Although the right to freedom of religion has been included under the right to freedom but the Constitution makers were very particular about it. So they have mentioned it separately as well. The Right to Freedom of Religion includes the following rights:
(i) Every person has a right to profess, practice and propagate the religion he or she believes in.
(ii) Every religious group or sect is free to manage its religious affairs.
There are, however, following restrictions on this right:
(i) No person has right to compel another person to convert into his religion by means of force, fraud, inducement or allurement.
(ii) One cannot sacrifice animals or human beings as offerings to supernatural forces or gods.
(iii) Religious practices which treat women as inferior or those that infringe women’s freedom are not allowed. For example, a widowed woman cannot be forced to shave head or wear white clothes.
(iv) The government cannot compel any person to pay any taxes for promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious institution.
(v) There shall be no religious instruction in the government educational institutions. In educational institutions managed by private bodies no person shall be compelled to take part in any religious instruction or to attend any religious worship.
(a) Right to equality, guaranteed under the Constitution of India is as given below: (i) The government shall not deny to any person in India equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws. (ii) The government shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion, caste, ethRead more
(a) Right to equality, guaranteed under the Constitution of India is as given below:
(i) The government shall not deny to any person in India equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws.
(ii) The government shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion, caste, ethnicity, sex or piece of birth.
(iii) Every citizen shall have access to public places like shops, restaurants, hotels and cinema halls.
(iv) There shall be no restriction with regard to the use of wells, tanks. bathing ghats, roads, playgrounds and places of public resorts maintained by government or dedicated to the use of general public.
(v) All citizens have equality, of opportunity in matters relating to employment or appointment to any position in the government. No citizen shall be discriminated against or made ineligible for employment on the grounds mentioned above.
(vi) The practice of untouchability has been forbidden in any form. The Constitution has made untouchability a punishable offence.
(vii) Abolition of all titles except provided in favour of academic or military distinctions.
(b) There are, however, following exceptions to the right to equality:
(i) Reservations for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
(ii) Preference to women, poor or physically handicapped in some kind-o of jobs.
The reservations for SC/ST/OBC and preference to woman, poor and handicapped in some kinds of jobs is not considered violation of right to equality because equality does not mean giving everyone the same treatment, no matter what they need Equality means giving everyone an equal opportunity to achieve whatever one is capable of. Sometimes it is necessary to give special treatment to someone in order to ensure equal opportunity This is what the job reservations do. Thus, reservations of this kind are not a violation of the Right to Equality.
(a) Rights are necessary in a democracy due to following factors: (i) It is the basis of successful democracy because in a democracy, every citizen has to have the right to vote and the right to be elected to government. During elections it is necessary for every citizen that they should have the riRead more
(a) Rights are necessary in a democracy due to following factors:
(i) It is the basis of successful democracy because in a democracy, every citizen has to have the right to vote and the right to be elected to government. During elections it is necessary for every citizen that they should have the right to express their opinion, form political parties and take part in political activities.
(ii) Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority. They ensure that the majority cannot do whatever it likes. They guarantee that the majority cannot take rights away the of minority particularly when the majority want to dominate the minority.
(b) The rights should be included in the Constitution to protect them from the arbitrary policies of the government because sometimes a government may go against the rights of their own citizens. So, rights should be placed higher than the government or included in the Constitution so that the government cannot violate these rights. For example in India, rights have been included in the constitution and cannot be taken-away in ordinary circumstances.
Explain the Right to Freedom of Religion.
India is a secular state. It observes an attitude of neutrality and impartiality towards all religions. Although the right to freedom of religion has been included under the right to freedom but the Constitution makers were very particular about it. So they have mentioned it separately as well. TheRead more
India is a secular state. It observes an attitude of neutrality and impartiality towards all religions. Although the right to freedom of religion has been included under the right to freedom but the Constitution makers were very particular about it. So they have mentioned it separately as well. The Right to Freedom of Religion includes the following rights:
See less(i) Every person has a right to profess, practice and propagate the religion he or she believes in.
(ii) Every religious group or sect is free to manage its religious affairs.
There are, however, following restrictions on this right:
(i) No person has right to compel another person to convert into his religion by means of force, fraud, inducement or allurement.
(ii) One cannot sacrifice animals or human beings as offerings to supernatural forces or gods.
(iii) Religious practices which treat women as inferior or those that infringe women’s freedom are not allowed. For example, a widowed woman cannot be forced to shave head or wear white clothes.
(iv) The government cannot compel any person to pay any taxes for promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religious institution.
(v) There shall be no religious instruction in the government educational institutions. In educational institutions managed by private bodies no person shall be compelled to take part in any religious instruction or to attend any religious worship.
Describe Right to Equality as guaranteed under the Constitution of India. What are various exceptions to it?
(a) Right to equality, guaranteed under the Constitution of India is as given below: (i) The government shall not deny to any person in India equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws. (ii) The government shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion, caste, ethRead more
(a) Right to equality, guaranteed under the Constitution of India is as given below:
See less(i) The government shall not deny to any person in India equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws.
(ii) The government shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds of religion, caste, ethnicity, sex or piece of birth.
(iii) Every citizen shall have access to public places like shops, restaurants, hotels and cinema halls.
(iv) There shall be no restriction with regard to the use of wells, tanks. bathing ghats, roads, playgrounds and places of public resorts maintained by government or dedicated to the use of general public.
(v) All citizens have equality, of opportunity in matters relating to employment or appointment to any position in the government. No citizen shall be discriminated against or made ineligible for employment on the grounds mentioned above.
(vi) The practice of untouchability has been forbidden in any form. The Constitution has made untouchability a punishable offence.
(vii) Abolition of all titles except provided in favour of academic or military distinctions.
(b) There are, however, following exceptions to the right to equality:
(i) Reservations for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
(ii) Preference to women, poor or physically handicapped in some kind-o of jobs.
The reservations for SC/ST/OBC and preference to woman, poor and handicapped in some kinds of jobs is not considered violation of right to equality because equality does not mean giving everyone the same treatment, no matter what they need Equality means giving everyone an equal opportunity to achieve whatever one is capable of. Sometimes it is necessary to give special treatment to someone in order to ensure equal opportunity This is what the job reservations do. Thus, reservations of this kind are not a violation of the Right to Equality.
Why do we need rights in a democracy and why the rights should be included in the Constitution?
(a) Rights are necessary in a democracy due to following factors: (i) It is the basis of successful democracy because in a democracy, every citizen has to have the right to vote and the right to be elected to government. During elections it is necessary for every citizen that they should have the riRead more
(a) Rights are necessary in a democracy due to following factors:
See less(i) It is the basis of successful democracy because in a democracy, every citizen has to have the right to vote and the right to be elected to government. During elections it is necessary for every citizen that they should have the right to express their opinion, form political parties and take part in political activities.
(ii) Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority. They ensure that the majority cannot do whatever it likes. They guarantee that the majority cannot take rights away the of minority particularly when the majority want to dominate the minority.
(b) The rights should be included in the Constitution to protect them from the arbitrary policies of the government because sometimes a government may go against the rights of their own citizens. So, rights should be placed higher than the government or included in the Constitution so that the government cannot violate these rights. For example in India, rights have been included in the constitution and cannot be taken-away in ordinary circumstances.
What is the power of sun-glasses?
Zero
Zero
See lessWhat is the far-point of a normal eye?
Infinity(∞)
Infinity(∞)
See less