1. (a) The land under permanent pasture has decreased. (b) The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 percent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana and less than 10 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman and Nicobar Island. (c) The land uRead more

    (a) The land under permanent pasture has decreased.
    (b) The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 percent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana and less than 10 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman and Nicobar Island.
    (c) The land under forest has changed a little from 18.11% in1960-61 to 22.57% in 2002-03. It is still far lower than the desired 33 per cent of the geographical area as it was outlined in the National Forest Policy (1952). Land under forest has not increased due to various factors, namely, agricultural expansion, large-scale development projects or river valley projects, grazing and fuel collection.

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  2. (a) Biotic resources are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock, e.g., forests and animals are biotic resources. (&) Abiotic resources consist of all those things which are composed of non-living things. e.g., rocks and metals. Land, watRead more

    (a) Biotic resources are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings,
    flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock, e.g., forests and animals are biotic resources.
    (&) Abiotic resources consist of all those things which are composed of non-living things. e.g., rocks and metals. Land, water and soil are also abiotic resources.

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  3. Soil erosion in the hilly areas can be controlled by construction of terraces for farming and plugging of gullies by construction of check dams. It is known as terrace cultivation. western and central Himalayas have well-developed terrace farming.

    Soil erosion in the hilly areas can be controlled by construction of terraces for farming and plugging of gullies by construction of check dams. It is known as terrace cultivation. western and central Himalayas have well-developed terrace farming.

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  4. (a) Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers. (b) Three main features of this type of soil are as follows: (a) The alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.Read more

    (a) Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
    (b) Three main features of this type of soil are as follows:
    (a) The alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.
    (b) These soils are very fertile. Due to its high fertility, regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.
    (c) These soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse crops.

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  5. The black soil known as regur soils is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over north-west Deccan plateau. It is made up of lava flows. It is found in plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra. Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Malwa and extend in the southeast direction along the Godavari anRead more

    The black soil known as regur soils is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over north-west Deccan plateau. It is made up of lava flows. It is found in plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra. Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Malwa and extend in the southeast direction along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys. This soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil.

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