1. (i) Nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another to earn their living. (ii) Advantages to the environment of their continuous movement are as follows : (o) The continuous movement allows the pastures to recover; it prevents their overuse. For example, Dhangar flocks of Maharashtra moved towRead more

    (i) Nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another to earn their living. (ii) Advantages to the environment of their continuous movement are as follows : (o) The continuous movement allows the pastures to recover; it prevents their overuse. For example, Dhangar flocks of Maharashtra moved toward Konkan area manured the fields and fed on the stubble.
    (6) In recent years nomads have been migrating to Haryana where sheep can graze on agricultural fields aft’er the harvests are cut. This is the time that the fields need manure that the animals provide. Environmentalists have recognised that pastoral nomadism is a form of life that is perfectly suited to many hilly and dry regions of the world.

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  2. European foresters regarded the practice of shifting cultivation as harmful for the forests' they felt that land which was used for cultivation, every few years could not grow trees for railway timber. Not only this, when a forest was burnt, there was the added danger of the flames spreading and burRead more

    European foresters regarded the practice of shifting cultivation as harmful for the forests’ they felt that land which was used for cultivation, every few years could not grow trees for railway timber. Not only this, when a forest was burnt, there was the added danger of the flames spreading and burning valuable timber. Shifting cultivation also made it difficult for the government to calculate taxes. Therefore, the government banned shifting cultivation. As a result, many communities were forcibly displaced from their homes in the forests. Some had to change occupations, while some resisted through large and small rebellions. The condition of forest communities deteriorated.

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  3. A famine is characterised by wide spread deaths due to starvation and epidemics caused by forced use of contaminated water or decaying food and loss of body. resitance due to weakening from starvation.

    A famine is characterised by wide spread deaths due to starvation and epidemics
    caused by forced use of contaminated water or decaying food and loss of body. resitance due to weakening from starvation.

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  4. (l) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NERGA) 2005. (ii) National Food for Work programme.

    (l) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NERGA) 2005.
    (ii) National Food for Work programme.

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  5. Mahatma Gandhi said that India would be truly independent only when the poorest of its people become free of human suffering.

    Mahatma Gandhi said that India would be truly independent only when the poorest of its people become free of human suffering.

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