Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms. Atoms share electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration, typically filling their valence shells.

The molecular formula of methane is CH₄, indicating that it contains one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms.

Carbon achieves noble gas configuration in methane by sharing its four valence electrons with four hydrogen atoms, forming four single covalent bonds. This allows carbon to attain a stable octet configuration, similar to noble gases.

Carbon in methane has a valency of 4, as it shares its four valence electrons with four hydrogen atoms to achieve stability.

In a molecule of ammonia, single covalent bonds are present between the nitrogen atom and each of the three hydrogen atoms.

In the electron dot structure of ammonia, the nitrogen atom shares one electron each from three hydrogen atoms, resulting in three shared pairs of electrons (single bonds). This allows nitrogen to achieve a stable octet configuration, while each hydrogen atom ...

Nitrogen has a combining capacity of 3, as each nitrogen atom can contribute three electrons to form three shared pairs of electrons, resulting in the formation of a triple bond.

The electronic configuration of nitrogen (atomic number 7) is 1s² 2s² 2p³.

In a diatomic molecule of nitrogen, a triple bond exists between the two nitrogen atoms.

The bonding between oxygen and hydrogen in water is characterized by single covalent bonds, as each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen atom.