During fertilization, two germ cells combine, and each contributes one chromosome from each pair. This process restores the diploid number of chromosomes in the progeny, ensuring the stability of the species’ DNA and maintaining genetic integrity.

Having two copies of each chromosome in germ cells ensures genetic diversity and allows for independent assortment during meiosis. It also enables the restoration of the normal number of chromosomes in the progeny when germ cells combine during fertilization.

If ‘R’ and ‘y’ were linked in the progeny plants due to inheriting a single whole gene set from each parent, independent assortment and recombination of these characteristics would be compromised. This linkage would prevent the independent expression of ...

Inheritance of a single whole gene set from each parent ensures independent assortment of genes during meiosis. If progeny plants inherited both gene sets from one parent, the characteristics ‘R’ and ‘y’ would be linked, making it impossible to observe ...

Germ cells undergo a process called meiosis, during which the chromosome number is halved. This reduction results in the formation of haploid cells with a single set of genes instead of the usual diploid cells with two sets.

For the mechanism to work, each germ cell must have only one gene set to ensure that, during sexual reproduction, each parent contributes one set of genes to the progeny. This segregation and combination of gene sets from both parents ...

Both parents must contribute a copy of the same gene. This implies that each pea plant possesses two sets of all genes, with one set inherited from each parent.

If the interpretations are correct, both parents contribute equally to the DNA of the progeny during sexual reproduction.

Genes code for enzymes, and the efficiency of these enzymes influences the production of plant hormones. The amount of hormones produced, determined by the efficiency of the enzyme coded by a gene, directly affects plant height. This illustrates how genes ...

Genetic variations in genes that code for proteins involved in processes like hormone production can impact the efficiency of those processes. If an enzyme, crucial for hormone synthesis, works efficiently (due to a normal gene), the plant will be tall. ...